Neuroscience of self and self-regulation.
Neuroscience of self and self-regulation.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131616
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
Heatherton TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heatherton TF
作为一种社会物种，人类有一种归属感的基本需求，这种需求鼓励人们做出与成为一个好群体成员相一致的行为。作为一个好的群体成员，需要有自我调节的能力，这使得人们能够改变或抑制那些可能使他们面临群体排斥风险的行为。自我调节需要四个心理因素。首先，人们需要意识到自己的行为，以便根据社会规范来衡量。其次，人们需要了解他人对自己行为的反应，从而预测他人将如何回应自己。这就需要第三种机制来检测威胁，特别是在复杂的社会环境中。最后，需要有一种机制来解决自我认知与社会期望或规范之间的差异，从而激励行为来解决存在的任何冲突。这篇文章回顾了最近关于支持人类自我调节能力的心理成分的社会神经科学研究。
As a social species, humans have a fundamental need to belong that encourages behaviors consistent with being a good group member. Being a good group member requires the capacity for self-regulation, which allows people to alter or inhibit behaviors that would place them at risk for group exclusion. Self-regulation requires four psychological components. First, people need to be aware of their behavior so as to gauge it against societal norms. Second, people need to understand how others are reacting to their behavior so as to predict how others will respond to them. This necessitates a third mechanism, which detects threat, especially in complex social situations. Finally, there needs to be a mechanism for resolving discrepancies between self-knowledge and social expectations or norms, thereby motivating behavior to resolve any conflict that exists. This article reviews recent social neuroscience research on the psychological components that support the human capacity for self-regulation.
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