Switzerland's Differentiated European Integration – What can we Learn from the Study of Europeanization?
Switzerland's Differentiated European Integration – What can we Learn from the Study of Europeanization?
复制标题
瑞士差异化的欧洲一体化——我们可以从欧洲化研究中学到什么？
DOI：
10.1111/spsr.12105
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Schimmelfennig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schimmelfennig
“差别化一体化”的概念主要用于捕捉欧盟规则和政策在成员国之间的差异有效性。它指的是成员国选择退出和被排除在整个欧盟政策之外，如申根自由旅行制度和货币联盟，以及关于欧盟法律个别规则的众多豁免和减损。关于差异化一体化的学术和政策辩论进一步始于这样一个假设，即差异化已成为欧盟的基本和永久特征，并系统地伴随着欧洲一体化的深化和扩大（如Leuffen et al. 2013; Piris 2012）。差异化一体化的研究试图描述差异化的模式（如“核心欧洲”或“可变几何”；Stubb 1996），并解释不同国家和政策之间的差异化变化（如Rittberger等人2013；Schimmelfennig和Winzen 2014）然而，差异化一体化并不局限于欧盟的正式边界。从20世纪60年代的联合条约开始，欧盟日益成为一个分级成员制度，非成员国在不同程度上参与欧盟的政策并采用欧盟的规则。他们与欧盟建立自由贸易区、关税同盟和内部市场；它们是“申根区”或欧洲研究区的一部分。尽管瑞士与欧盟的法律结构是一套特殊的双边协议，但瑞士与欧盟之间的关系是这个分级成员和差别化一体化体系的一部分。
The concept of “differentiated integration” has been used mainly to capture the differential validity of EU rules and policies across the member states. It refers to opt-outs and exclusions of member states from entire EU policies such as the Schengen free travel regime and the currency union as well as to numerous exemptions and derogations regarding individual rules of EU law. The scholarly and policy debate on differentiated integration further starts from the assumption that differentiation has become an essential and permanent feature of the EU and systematically accompanies both the deepening and the widening of European integration (eg Leuffen et al. 2013; Piris 2012). Studies of differentiated integration seek to describe the patterns of differentiation (such as “core Europe” or “variable geometry”; Stubb 1996) and to explain the variation in differentiation across states and policies (eg Rittberger et al. 2013; Schimmelfennig and Winzen 2014)Differentiated integration does not stop, however, at the formal borders of the EU. Starting with the association treaties of the 1960s, the EU has increasingly become a system of graded membership, in which nonmember countries participate to varying degrees in EU policies and adopt EU rules. They form free-trade areas, customs unions, and internal markets with the EU; and they are part of “Schengenland” or the European Research Area. In spite of its peculiar legal construction as a set of bilateral agreements, the relationship between Switzerland and the EU is part of this system of graded membership and differentiated integration.
DOI：
10.1111/jcms.12103
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Wiley-Blackwell: Journal of Common Market Studies
影响因子：
--
作者：
Schimmelfennig;Thomas Winzen
通讯作者：
Thomas Winzen
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00573.x
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of Common Market Studies
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Stubb
通讯作者：
A. Stubb