A balance of form and function: planar polarity and development of the vestibular maculae.
A balance of form and function: planar polarity and development of the vestibular maculae.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.03.001
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Deans, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deans, Michael R.
内耳机械感觉毛细胞已成为研究脊椎动物平面极性发育的主要模型之一。平面极性是细胞或细胞结构在上皮平面上的极化组织。对于毛细胞来说，平面极性在亚细胞水平上表现为立体纤毛束的极化组织，在细胞水平上表现为相邻细胞间立体纤毛束的协调取向。后一种组织通常被称为平面细胞极性，耳蜗的听觉毛细胞已被详细描述。第三个层次的平面极性，称为组织极性，出现在胞状和囊状黄斑；两个内耳感觉器官，利用毛细胞来检测线性加速度和重力。在小囊和小囊中，毛细胞分为两组，它们具有相反的立体纤毛束极性，因此能够检测到相反方向的运动。因此，前庭毛细胞是研究平面极性的独特模型系统，因为极化在同一感觉器官中有三个不同的解剖尺度。此外，该系统有潜力被用来剖析在三个水平上调节平面极性的分子之间的功能相互作用。这里将讨论平面极性对前庭系统功能的意义，并在每个解剖水平上回顾与平面极性发展相关的分子机制。平面极性的其他方面是独特的前庭黄斑也将被介绍。
The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear have emerged as one of the primary models for studying the development of planar polarity in vertebrates. Planar polarity is the polarized organization of cells or cellular structures in the plane of an epithelium. For hair cells, planar polarity is manifest at the subcellular level in the polarized organization of the stereociliary bundle and at the cellular level in the coordinated orientation of stereociliary bundles between adjacent cells. This latter organization is commonly called Planar Cell Polarity and has been described in the greatest detail for auditory hair cells of the cochlea. A third level of planar polarity, referred to as tissue polarity, occurs in the utricular and saccular maculae; two inner ear sensory organs that use hair cells to detect linear acceleration and gravity. In the utricle and saccule hair cells are divided between two groups that have opposite stereociliary bundle polarities and, as a result, are able to detect movements in opposite directions. Thus vestibular hair cells are a unique model system for studying planar polarity because polarization develops at three different anatomical scales in the same sensory organ. Moreover the system has the potential to be used to dissect functional interactions between molecules regulating planar polarity at each of the three levels. Here the significance of planar polarity on vestibular system function will be discussed, and the molecular mechanisms associated with development of planar polarity at each anatomical level will be reviewed. Additional aspects of planar polarity that are unique to the vestibular maculae will also be introduced.
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