Differential sensitivity to speech rhythms in young and older adults.
Differential sensitivity to speech rhythms in young and older adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1160236
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kidd, Gary R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pearson, Dylan V.;Shen, Yi;McAuley, J. Devin;Kidd, Gary R.
听觉模式的时间特性的敏感性往往是较差的老年人的听众，这已被假设为一个因素，导致他们较差的言语理解。本研究考察了年轻和老年听力正常受试者对语音节奏的敏感性，使用一项旨在测量语音节奏背景对检测口语句子中单词起始时间变化的影响的任务。使用了一种时间转移检测范式，其中听众被呈现一个完整的句子，然后是两个版本的句子，其中一部分语音被替换为无声的间隙：一个具有正确的间隙定时（与缺失的语音相同的持续时间）和一个具有改变的间隙定时（比缺失语音的持续时间短或长），导致在差距之后句子的提前或延迟恢复。这些句子在沉默的间隙之前呈现出完整的节奏或改变的节奏。听众判断哪句话的间隙时间发生了变化，并分别计算了缩短和延长间隙的阈值，以检测与正确时间的偏差。年轻人和老年人的听众表现出较低的阈值在完整的节奏条件下比在改变节奏的条件。然而，缩短的差距导致较低的阈值比延长的差距为年轻的听众，而老年听众不敏感的方向的时间变化。这些结果表明，年轻人和老年人的听众依赖于语音节奏，以产生时间的预期即将到来的讲话事件。然而，没有较低的阈值缩短差距之间的老年听众表明随着年龄的变化，语音定时的预期。对老年组中个体差异的进一步研究表明，那些节奏辨别能力更好的人（来自一项单独的研究）往往表现出与年轻听众一样的对早期事件的高度敏感性。
Sensitivity to the temporal properties of auditory patterns tends to be poorer in older listeners, and this has been hypothesized to be one factor contributing to their poorer speech understanding. This study examined sensitivity to speech rhythms in young and older normal-hearing subjects, using a task designed to measure the effect of speech rhythmic context on the detection of changes in the timing of word onsets in spoken sentences. A temporal-shift detection paradigm was used in which listeners were presented with an intact sentence followed by two versions of the sentence in which a portion of speech was replaced with a silent gap: one with correct gap timing (the same duration as the missing speech) and one with altered gap timing (shorter or longer than the duration of the missing speech), resulting in an early or late resumption of the sentence after the gap. The sentences were presented with either an intact rhythm or an altered rhythm preceding the silent gap. Listeners judged which sentence had the altered gap timing, and thresholds for the detection of deviations from the correct timing were calculated separately for shortened and lengthened gaps. Both young and older listeners demonstrated lower thresholds in the intact rhythm condition than in the altered rhythm conditions. However, shortened gaps led to lower thresholds than lengthened gaps for the young listeners, while older listeners were not sensitive to the direction of the change in timing. These results show that both young and older listeners rely on speech rhythms to generate temporal expectancies for upcoming speech events. However, the absence of lower thresholds for shortened gaps among the older listeners indicates a change in speech-timing expectancies with age. A further examination of individual differences within the older group revealed that those with better rhythm-discrimination abilities (from a separate study) tended to show the same heightened sensitivity to early events observed with the young listeners.
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DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3703.662
发表时间：
1994-06-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
FITZGIBBONS, PJ;GORDONSALANT, S
通讯作者：
GORDONSALANT, S
DOI：
10.3758/s13414-020-02064-5
发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
Attention, perception & psychophysics
影响因子：
--
作者：
McAuley JD;Shen Y;Dec S;Kidd GR
通讯作者：
Kidd GR
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bolia, RS;Nelson, WT;Simpson, BD
通讯作者：
Simpson, BD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Füllgrabe C;Moore BC;Stone MA
通讯作者：
Stone MA
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Carroll, Rebecca;Warzybok, Anna;Ruigendijk, Esther
通讯作者：
Ruigendijk, Esther