Age-group differences in speech identification despite matched audiometrically normal hearing: contributions from auditory temporal processing and cognition.
Age-group differences in speech identification despite matched audiometrically normal hearing: contributions from auditory temporal processing and cognition.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2014.00347
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Stone MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Füllgrabe C;Moore BC;Stone MA
随着年龄的增长，听力损失会对理解语言的能力产生不利影响，这种影响部分是由可听性降低造成的。本研究的目的是确定年龄是否会降低正常听力图听者的言语清晰度，如果是这样，则评估听觉时间和认知加工的相对贡献。21名双侧听力阈值≤20 dB HL （0.125-6 kHz）的老年正常听力（ONH； 60-79岁）参与者与9名年轻（YNH； 18-27岁）参与者在平均听力图、受教育年数和表现智商方面进行匹配。措施包括：(1)识别安静和噪音中未调制或调制在5或80赫兹的辅音；(2)安静语和同址或空间分离的二语语的句子识别；(3)检测5 ~ 180hz频率下的时间包络（TE）调制；(4)单耳和双耳颞精细结构敏感性（TFS）；(5)各种认知测试。在所有类型的背景下，ONH的语音识别都比YNH的参与者差。这种缺陷并没有反映在听力能力的自我评定中。调制掩蔽释放（通过调制噪声背景获得的语音识别的改善）和空间掩蔽释放（从空间分离掩蔽器和目标语音获得的好处）不受年龄的影响。ONH对TE和TFS的敏感性低于YNH，且与语音噪声（SiN）识别呈正相关。ONH参与者的许多认知能力低于YNH参与者，并且通常与SiN识别得分呈正相关。最好的预测因子是认知和TFS敏感性的复合测量。这些结果表明，老年人语言感知能力的下降部分是由认知和感知变化引起的，而不是由听力敏感性的年龄相关变化引起的。
Hearing loss with increasing age adversely affects the ability to understand speech, an effect that results partly from reduced audibility. The aims of this study were to establish whether aging reduces speech intelligibility for listeners with normal audiograms, and, if so, to assess the relative contributions of auditory temporal and cognitive processing. Twenty-one older normal-hearing (ONH; 60–79 years) participants with bilateral audiometric thresholds ≤ 20 dB HL at 0.125–6 kHz were matched to nine young (YNH; 18–27 years) participants in terms of mean audiograms, years of education, and performance IQ. Measures included: (1) identification of consonants in quiet and in noise that was unmodulated or modulated at 5 or 80 Hz; (2) identification of sentences in quiet and in co-located or spatially separated two-talker babble; (3) detection of modulation of the temporal envelope (TE) at frequencies 5–180 Hz; (4) monaural and binaural sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS); (5) various cognitive tests. Speech identification was worse for ONH than YNH participants in all types of background. This deficit was not reflected in self-ratings of hearing ability. Modulation masking release (the improvement in speech identification obtained by amplitude modulating a noise background) and spatial masking release (the benefit obtained from spatially separating masker and target speech) were not affected by age. Sensitivity to TE and TFS was lower for ONH than YNH participants, and was correlated positively with speech-in-noise (SiN) identification. Many cognitive abilities were lower for ONH than YNH participants, and generally were correlated positively with SiN identification scores. The best predictors of the intelligibility of SiN were composite measures of cognition and TFS sensitivity. These results suggest that declines in speech perception in older persons are partly caused by cognitive and perceptual changes separate from age-related changes in audiometric sensitivity.
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