THE RACIAL ECOLOGY OF LEAD POISONING
THE RACIAL ECOLOGY OF LEAD POISONING
复制标题
铅中毒的种族生态
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alix S. Winter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sampson;Alix S. Winter
摘要本文探讨了铅暴露的种族生态学作为一种环境不平等的形式，具有历史和当代意义。从1995年至2013年对芝加哥儿童进行的100多万次血液检测中获得的综合数据，并与2300多个地理街区组相匹配，我们解决了两个主要问题：（1）社区水平的种族组成与儿童铅患病率升高水平的变化之间的关系的性质是什么？以及（2）社区水平的种族构成与社区内儿童患病率水平随时间变化率之间的关系的性质是什么？我们进一步评估了观察到的种族差异，包括社会经济地位，类型和年龄的住房，接近高速公路和冶炼厂，住房腐烂和邻里混乱的系统观察的结构性解释阵列。总的来说，我们的理论框架假定铅毒性作为一个主要的环境途径，通过种族隔离在美国的黑人劣势的遗产。我们的研究结果支持这一假设，并显示出惊人的种族差异，在有毒物质暴露，即使在考虑可能的结构性解释。然而，与此同时，我们的纵向结果显示了公共卫生政策在减少种族不平等方面的力量。
Abstract This paper examines the racial ecology of lead exposure as a form of environmental inequity, one with both historical and contemporary significance. Drawing on comprehensive data from over one million blood tests administered to Chicago children from 1995-2013 and matched to over 2300 geographic block groups, we address two major questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and variability in children’s elevated lead prevalence levels? And (2) what is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and rates of change in children’s prevalence levels over time within neighborhoods? We further assess an array of structural explanations for observed racial disparities, including socioeconomic status, type and age of housing, proximity to freeways and smelting plants, and systematic observations of housing decay and neighborhood disorder. Overall, our theoretical framework posits lead toxicity as a major environmental pathway through which racial segregation has contributed to the legacy of Black disadvantage in the United States. Our findings support this hypothesis and show alarming racial disparities in toxic exposure, even after accounting for possible structural explanations. At the same time, however, our longitudinal results show the power of public health policies to reduce racial inequities.
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1996.03530460029020
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
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作者：
H. Sachs
通讯作者：
H. Sachs
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Krieger, N;Chen, JT;Subramanian, SV
通讯作者：
Subramanian, SV
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Chiodo, LM;Jacobson, SW;Jacobson, JL
通讯作者：
Jacobson, JL