Interaction of the tick immune system with transmitted pathogens.
Interaction of the tick immune system with transmitted pathogens.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kopáček P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hajdušek O;Síma R;Ayllón N;Jalovecká M;Perner J;de la Fuente J;Kopáček P
扁虱是一种嗜血的蜘蛛类动物，可将包括病毒、细菌和原生动物在内的各种病原体传播给脊椎动物宿主。壁虱媒介的能力必须与传播的病原体躲避壁虱防御机制的能力密切相关，这种防御机制是通过壁虱体内的中肠、血淋巴、唾液腺或卵巢传递的。与其他无脊椎动物一样，扁虱的先天免疫是基于体液和细胞免疫反应的精心安排的行动。硬蜱的直接抗菌防御是由多种小分子如防御素、溶菌酶或硬蜱特异性抗菌化合物如微菌素/Hebraein或5.3-kDa家族蛋白完成的。由硫酯类蛋白、纤维蛋白原相关凝集素和转化酶类因子组成的原始补体系统可能介导了硬蜱血细胞对入侵微生物的吞噬作用。此外，在被摄取的微生物的生存中，寄主蛋白似乎扮演着重要的角色，并维持着扁虱中肠的氧化还原平衡。在这里，我们总结了有关硬蜱免疫系统的主要组成部分的最新知识，并重点介绍了它们与以螺旋体(螺旋体)、立克次体(无浆体)和原生动物(巴贝西亚)为代表的相关硬体传播病原体的相互作用。壁虱基因组数据库的建立和基于RNA干扰的功能基因组学研究的可行性，有助于了解壁虱-病原体界面的分子和细胞相互作用，并可能为阻断壁虱病原体的传播提供新的靶点。
Ticks are hematophagous arachnids transmitting a wide variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoans to their vertebrate hosts. The tick vector competence has to be intimately linked to the ability of transmitted pathogens to evade tick defense mechanisms encountered on their route through the tick body comprising midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands or ovaries. Tick innate immunity is, like in other invertebrates, based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. The direct antimicrobial defense in ticks is accomplished by a variety of small molecules such as defensins, lysozymes or by tick-specific antimicrobial compounds such as microplusin/hebraein or 5.3-kDa family proteins. Phagocytosis of the invading microbes by tick hemocytes is likely mediated by the primordial complement-like system composed of thioester-containing proteins, fibrinogen-related lectins and convertase-like factors. Moreover, an important role in survival of the ingested microbes seems to be played by host proteins and redox balance maintenance in the tick midgut. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the major components of tick immune system and focus on their interaction with the relevant tick-transmitted pathogens, represented by spirochetes (Borrelia), rickettsiae (Anaplasma), and protozoans (Babesia). Availability of the tick genomic database and feasibility of functional genomics based on RNA interference greatly contribute to the understanding of molecular and cellular interplay at the tick-pathogen interface and may provide new targets for blocking the transmission of tick pathogens.
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影响因子：
4.4
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通讯作者：
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