A Model to Explain How the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Drives Interleukin-12 Production in Neonates.

A Model to Explain How the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Drives Interleukin-12 Production in Neonates.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0162148
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Libraty DH
Libraty DH
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kativhu CL;Libraty DH

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卡介苗(BCG)是出生时唯一的常规疫苗接种,可有效诱导新生儿辅助性T细胞1(Th 1)极化免疫应答。驱动CD 4 + T细胞Th 1分化的主要细胞因子是白细胞介素(IL)-12 p70,一种由IL-12 p35和IL-12 p40亚基组成的异二聚体细胞因子。因此,我们研究了BCG疫苗刺激人脐带(新生儿)细胞产生IL-12 p35和p40的机制。我们发现,卡介苗并没有上调IL-12 p35 mRNA的生产,但上调IL-12 p40 mRNA的生产在Toll样受体(TLR)2依赖的方式,在人新生儿单核细胞来源的树突状细胞(mdDCs)。TLR 2信号传导、I型干扰素(IFN)和II型IFN的组合在人新生mdDC中诱导最大水平的IL-12 p35和p40 mRNA产生。重组BCG疫苗瓶的无细胞上清液含有胞外分枝杆菌(BCG)DNA,其可诱导人新生儿浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)产生IFN-α(I型IFN)。卡介苗还以TLR 2依赖性方式刺激人类新生儿CD 16 lo自然杀伤(NK)细胞产生IFN-γ(II型IFN)。因此,我们提出了一种模型,其中BCG疫苗可以刺激新生儿常规DC(cDC)、pDC和CD 16 lo NK细胞的组合,以产生最佳的新生儿IL-12 p35和p40(IL-12 p70)产生以及随后的CD 4 + T细胞Th 1极化。模拟BCG疫苗刺激新生儿IL-12 p35和p40产生的机制的佐剂可以改善出生时针对细胞内病原体和毒素的疫苗策略。
The Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only routine vaccination at birth that effectively induces neonatal T-helper 1 (Th1)-polarized immune responses. The primary cytokine that drives CD4+ T-cell Th1 differentiation is interleukin (IL)-12 p70, a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the IL-12 p35 and IL-12 p40 subunits. We therefore examined the mechanisms involved in BCG vaccine stimulation of IL-12 p35 and p40 production from human umbilical cord (neonatal) cells. We found that BCG bacilli did not upregulate IL-12 p35 mRNA production, but upregulated IL-12 p40 mRNA production in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2-dependent manner, in human neonatal monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdDCs). The combination of TLR2 signaling, Type I interferon (IFN), and Type II IFN induced maximal levels of IL-12 p35 and p40 mRNA production in human neonatal mdDCs. The cell-free supernatants of reconstituted BCG vaccine vials contained extracellular mycobacterial (BCG) DNA which could induce IFN-α (Type I IFN) production in human neonatal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). BCG bacilli also stimulated human neonatal CD16lo natural killer (NK) cells to produce IFN-γ (Type II IFN) in a TLR2-dependent manner. We have therefore proposed a model where BCG vaccine could stimulate the combination of neonatal conventional DCs (cDCs), pDCs, and CD16lo NK cells to produce optimal neonatal IL-12 p35 and p40 (IL-12 p70) production and subsequent CD4+ T-cell Th1 polarization. An adjuvant that emulates the mechanism by which the BCG vaccine stimulates neonatal IL-12 p35 and p40 production could improve vaccine strategies at birth for protection against intracellular pathogens and toxins.
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