Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.
Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature09575
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发表时间：
2010-12-02
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Ostfeld RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keesing F;Belden LK;Daszak P;Dobson A;Harvell CD;Holt RD;Hudson P;Jolles A;Jones KE;Mitchell CE;Myers SS;Bogich T;Ostfeld RS
生物多样性的变化有可能增加或减少动植物----包括人类----传染病的发病率，因为它们涉及物种之间的相互作用。这至少需要一个宿主和一个病原体;通常涉及更多的物种，包括额外的宿主、媒介和与这些物种相互作用的其他生物。Felicia Keesing及其同事回顾了生物多样性减少影响人类、其他动物和植物传染病传播的证据。尽管仍有一些重要问题有待回答，但他们得出结论，生物多样性对传染病具有保护作用的证据足够有力，可以将生物多样性保护作为改善健康的战略。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1038/nature 09575）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。目前生物多样性的空前下降降低了生态社区提供许多基本生态系统服务的能力。在这里，我们评估的证据表明，减少生物多样性会影响人类，其他动物和植物的传染病的传播。原则上，生物多样性的丧失可能会增加或减少疾病的传播。然而，越来越多的证据表明，生物多样性的丧失往往会增加疾病的传播。相比之下，自然生物多样性高的地区可能成为新病原体的来源库。总体而言，尽管仍存在许多问题，但目前的证据表明，保护完整的生态系统及其地方性生物多样性一般应能减少传染病的流行。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1038/nature 09575）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Changes in biodiversity have the potential to either increase or reduce the incidence of infectious disease in plants and animals — including humans — because they involve interactions among species. At a minimum, this requires a host and a pathogen; often many more species are involved, including additional hosts, vectors and other organisms with which these species interact. Felicia Keesing and colleagues review the evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. Despite important questions still to be answered, they conclude that the evidence that biodiversity exerts a protective effect on infectious diseases is sufficiently strong to include biodiversity protection as a strategy to improve health. The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature09575) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Current unprecedented declines in biodiversity reduce the ability of ecological communities to provide many fundamental ecosystem services. Here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. In principle, loss of biodiversity could either increase or decrease disease transmission. However, mounting evidence indicates that biodiversity loss frequently increases disease transmission. In contrast, areas of naturally high biodiversity may serve as a source pool for new pathogens. Overall, despite many remaining questions, current evidence indicates that preserving intact ecosystems and their endemic biodiversity should generally reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases. The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature09575) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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