The Effects of Experience on Deception in Human-Agent Negotiation
The Effects of Experience on Deception in Human-Agent Negotiation
复制标题
经验对人机谈判中欺骗的影响
DOI：
10.1613/jair.1.11924
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Gratch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnathan Mell;Gale M. Lucas;S. Mozgai;J. Gratch
谈判是一个复杂的社会过程，通过这个过程，多方就一系列问题达成共识。因此，对于设计出能够有效驾驭这一领域的社交ai来说，这是一个关键的挑战。能够进行谈判的人工智能代理必须能够实现管理报价接受、报价生成、偏好诱导等的政策和策略。但下一代代理也必须适应以反映用户的体验。
Negotiation is the complex social process by which multiple parties come to mutual agreement over a series of issues. As such, it has proven to be a key challenge problem for designing adequately social AIs that can effectively navigate this space. Artificial AI agents that are capable of negotiating must be capable of realizing policies and strategies that govern offer acceptances, offer generation, preference elicitation, and more. But the next generation of agents must also adapt to reflect their users’ experiences.
The best human negotiators tend to have honed their craft through hours of practice and experience. But, not all negotiators agree on which strategic tactics to use, and endorsement of deceptive tactics in particular is a controversial topic for many negotiators. We examine the ways in which deceptive tactics are used and endorsed in non-repeated human negotiation and show that prior experience plays a key role in governing what tactics are seen as acceptable or useful in negotiation. Previous work has indicated that people that negotiate through artificial agent representatives may be more inclined to fairness than those people that negotiate directly. We present a series of three user studies that challenge this initial assumption and expand on this picture by examining the role of past experience.
This work constructs a new scale for measuring endorsement of manipulative negotiation tactics and introduces its use to artificial intelligence research. It continues by presenting the results of a series of three studies that examine how negotiating experience can change what negotiation tactics and strategies human endorse. Study #1 looks at human endorsement of deceptive techniques based on prior negotiating experience as well as representative effects. Study #2 further characterizes the negativity of prior experience in relation to endorsement of deceptive techniques. Finally, in Study #3, we show that the lessons learned from the empirical observations in Study #1 and #2 can in fact be induced—by designing agents that provide a specific type of negative experience, human endorsement of deception can be predictably manipulated.
心理距离的解释水平理论。
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Trope, Yaacov;Liberman, Nira
通讯作者：
Liberman, Nira