Association Between Initial Age of Exposure to Childhood Abuse and Cognitive Control: Preliminary Evidence.
Association Between Initial Age of Exposure to Childhood Abuse and Cognitive Control: Preliminary Evidence.
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童年遭受虐待的初始年龄与认知控制之间的关联：初步证据。
DOI：
10.1002/jts.22290
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Banich,MarieT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MackiewiczSeghete,KristenL;DePrince,AnneP;Banich,MarieT
认知控制依赖于额顶叶区域在青春期的长期发育，这是一个大脑过程，可能特别容易受到童年虐待的影响。在这项研究中，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究儿童期虐待的发病年龄与成年早期支持认知控制的神经机制的改变之间的关系，这在以前没有被研究过。在fMRI扫描期间，参与者完成了经典色词Stroop任务和情绪Stroop任务（威胁词和积极词）的混合块/事件相关版本。参与者是年轻的成年女性（N= 15；年龄范围：23-30岁），她们在13岁之前就有过儿童时期身体虐待或性虐待的历史。结果表明，在经典色词范式中，儿童期虐待的发病年龄越早，内侧认知控制区域的短暂性（即与事件相关的）招募增加，以及作为默认模式网络一部分的内侧额叶区域的抑制减少，βs = -显著相关。16至- 0.87。相比之下，在情绪性Stroop任务中，正面分散注意力的单词与固定相比，在持续（即受阻）认知控制条件下，背外侧前额叶区域的激活增加与更早的虐待发生年龄有关，βs =−。50至- 0.60。这些结果提供了初步的证据，表明早期暴露于儿童虐待会影响成年后参与认知控制的神经系统的功能激活。
Cognitive control, which relies on the protracted development of frontal‐parietal regions into adolescence, is a brain process that may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of childhood abuse. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine associations between the age of onset of childhood abuse and alterations to the neural mechanisms supporting cognitive control in early adulthood, which have not been previously examined. During fMRI scanning, participants completed hybrid block/event‐related versions of a classic color‐word Stroop task as well as emotional Stroop tasks (threat and positive words). Participants were young adult women (N= 15; age range: 23–30 years) who had a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse that began prior to 13 years of age. Results indicated that earlier age of onset of childhood abuse was robustly associated with increased transient (i.e., event‐related) recruitment of medial cognitive control regions in the classic color‐word paradigm as well as with less suppression of medial frontal regions that are part of the default mode network, βs = −.16 to −.87. In comparison, increased activation in dorsolateral prefrontal regions was associated with earlier age of abuse onset under conditions of sustained (i.e., blocked) cognitive control in the emotional Stroop task for blocks of positive distracting words versus fixation, βs = −.50 to −.60. These results provide preliminary evidence that earlier age of exposure to childhood abuse impacts the functional activation of neural systems involved in cognitive control in adulthood.
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