How to compare instrumental variable and conventional regression analyses using negative controls and bias plots.

How to compare instrumental variable and conventional regression analyses using negative controls and bias plots.
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DOI:
10.1093/ije/dyx014
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发表时间:
2017-12-01
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
Windmeijer F
Windmeijer F
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davies NM;Thomas KH;Taylor AE;Taylor GMJ;Martin RM;Munafò MR;Windmeijer F

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在观察性药物流行病学研究中,人们越来越关注使用工具变量分析来克服不可测量的混杂因素。这部分是因为工具变量分析可能比传统的回归分析偏差更小。然而,工具变量分析不太精确,监管机构和临床医生发现,与传统的回归分析相比,很难解释工具变量的矛盾证据。在本文中,我们描述了三种技术来评估哪种方法(工具变量与传统的回归分析)是最少的偏见。这些技术是阴性对照结果、阴性对照群体和协变量平衡检验。我们说明这些方法使用的戒烟疗法(伐尼克兰)在初级保健处方的影响分析。
There is increasing interest in the use of instrumental variable analysis to overcome unmeasured confounding in observational pharmacoepidemiological studies. This is partly because instrumental variable analyses are potentially less biased than conventional regression analyses. However, instrumental variable analyses are less precise, and regulators and clinicians find it difficult to interpret conflicting evidence from instrumental variable compared with conventional regression analyses. In this paper, we describe three techniques to assess which approach (instrumental variable versus conventional regression analyses) is least biased. These techniques are negative control outcomes, negative control populations and tests of covariate balance. We illustrate these methods using an analysis of the effects of smoking cessation therapies (varenicline) prescribed in primary care.
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