Vasculo-Neuronal Coupling and Neurovascular Coupling at the Neurovascular Unit: Impact of Hypertension.

Vasculo-Neuronal Coupling and Neurovascular Coupling at the Neurovascular Unit: Impact of Hypertension.
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神经血管单位的血管-神经元耦合和神经血管耦合:高血压的影响。

DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2020.584135
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Filosa JA
Filosa JA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Presa JL;Saravia F;Bagi Z;Filosa JA

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神经血管单位(NVU)的组成部分建立动态串扰,调节脑血流量和维持脑稳态。在这里,我们描述的NVU细胞成分的关键生理过程,如脑自动调节,神经血管耦合,血管-神经元耦合的贡献积累的证据。我们讨论了NVU稳态的细胞机制的改变如何导致病理变化,其中血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞,周细胞和星形胶质细胞功能可能发挥关键作用。由于高血压是中风和衰老中认知能力加速下降的一个可改变的危险因素,我们关注高血压相关的脑小动脉功能和结构的变化,以及这些可能导致认知能力下降的分子机制。我们收集了最近出现的关于高血压认知功能丧失的证据,以及与血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病的联系。总的来说,我们总结了血管功能障碍,慢性低灌注,氧化应激和炎症过程如何在NVU破坏脑灌注和促进神经退行性变的解耦通信。
Components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) establish dynamic crosstalk that regulates cerebral blood flow and maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we describe accumulating evidence for cellular elements of the NVU contributing to critical physiological processes such as cerebral autoregulation, neurovascular coupling, and vasculo-neuronal coupling. We discuss how alterations in the cellular mechanisms governing NVU homeostasis can lead to pathological changes in which vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell, pericyte and astrocyte function may play a key role. Because hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke and accelerated cognitive decline in aging, we focus on hypertension-associated changes on cerebral arteriole function and structure, and the molecular mechanisms through which these may contribute to cognitive decline. We gather recent emerging evidence concerning cognitive loss in hypertension and the link with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Collectively, we summarize how vascular dysfunction, chronic hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes can uncouple communication at the NVU impairing cerebral perfusion and contributing to neurodegeneration.
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