Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation
Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation
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非常规飞机的噪声：当前测量技术、心理声学、指标和法规的回顾
DOI：
10.1007/s40726-023-00285-4
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Lotinga M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lotinga M
综述目的本综述旨在评价和讨论非常规飞机，如无人机系统(UAS)和城市空中机动性(UAM)车辆所产生的噪声测量和评估的最新进展。在此审查结果的基础上，确定了研究差距，并提出了进一步的工作，以加强现有的和新兴的方法，以适当地管理这些先进的空中机动性(AAM)技术。最近的发现噪声已被强调为更广泛地部署UAS和UAM行动的关键问题之一。这是由于声学特征具有通常与噪声烦扰相关的声音特征，例如“锐度”(高音声能的感知比例)和“音调”(在离散频率上集中声能的感知突显)。这些类型的心理声学特征被认为与观察到的AAM在相同水平的声音暴露下比传统飞机和道路车辆更多的噪声烦恼有关。摘要在过去的几年里，关于UAS和UAM噪声的研究越来越多。研究的重点是全面了解这些非常规飞机在各种操作和操作条件下的声源。根据收集的证据，实验室和现场研究的测量方案在声级、频率和方向性方面对于无人机的声学特性非常先进。看看人类对UAS和UAM噪音的反应，响度一直被认为是造成噪音烦恼的主要因素，其他心理声学特征的二阶贡献，如锐度、音调和“幅度调制”(响度随时间的波动)，在不同的研究中有所不同。UAS认证的噪声目标源自现有的常规飞机和旋翼机法规，但可能不能解释通常报告的UAS/UAM与常规车辆之间的烦扰抵消。已确定的主要研究空白包括缺乏侧重于多个事件的研究，以及对个人或背景因素可能对反应产生的影响的更深入了解，这将对于开发稳健的方法来评估和最大限度地减少由于这些非常规飞机的操作而造成的社区噪音困扰。图表摘要
Purpose of ReviewThis review aims to evaluate and discuss the current advances in the measurement and assessment of the noise generated by unconventional aircraft, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. Building upon the findings of this review, research gaps are identified, and further work is proposed to enhance existing and emerging methods for the appropriate noise management of these advanced air mobility (AAM) technologies.Recent FindingsNoise has been highlighted as one of the key concerns for the wider deployment of UAS and UAM operations. This is suggested to be due to having acoustic signatures with sound characteristics commonly associated with noise annoyance, such as ‘sharpness’ (the perceived proportion of high-pitched sonic energy) and ‘tonality’ (the perceptual prominence of concentrated sonic energy at discrete frequencies). These types of ‘psychoacoustic features’ are thought to be connected with observations of increased noise annoyance for AAM, compared with conventional aircraft and road vehicles, at the same level of sound exposure.SummaryIn the last few years, there has been a growing body of research on UAS and UAM noise. Research has focused on a comprehensive understanding of the sound sources of these unconventional aircraft under a wide range of operating and operational conditions. Based on gathered evidence, measurement protocols for both laboratory and field studies are very advanced for the acoustic characterisation of UAS in terms of sound level, frequency and directivity. Looking at the human response to UAS and UAM noise, loudness has been consistently reported as the main contributor to noise annoyance, with second-order contributions from other psychoacoustic features, such as sharpness, tonality and ‘amplitude modulation’ (fluctuations in loudness over time), varying among studies. Noise targets for UAS certification have been derived from existing regulations for conventional aircraft and rotorcraft, but might not account for the usually reported annoyance offset between UAS/UAM and conventional vehicles. Key research gaps identified include the lack of studies focusing on multiple events, and deeper understanding of the influence that personal or contextual factors may have on responses, which will be important for the development of robust methods for the assessment and minimisation of community noise annoyance due to the operation of these unconventional aircraft.Graphical Abstract
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph20010096
发表时间：
2022-12-21
影响因子：
--
作者：
Wunderli, Jean Marc;Meister, Jonas;Boolakee, Oliver;Heutschi, Kurt
通讯作者：
Heutschi, Kurt
转子噪声的心理声学建模。
DOI：
10.1121/10.0009801
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Antonio J. Torija;Zhengguang Li;P. Chaitanya
通讯作者：
P. Chaitanya
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph18178893
发表时间：
2021-08-24
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hui CTJ;Kingan MJ;Hioka Y;Schmid G;Dodd G;Dirks KN;Edlin S;Mascarenhas S;Shim YM
通讯作者：
Shim YM
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-19219-8_11
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
The Physics of Music and Color
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Gunther
通讯作者：
L. Gunther
环境噪声暴露和健康结果：系统评价和荟萃分析的综合评价。
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Xia Chen;Mingliang Liu;Lei Zuo;Xiaoyi Wu;Mengshi Chen;Xingli Li;Ting An;Li Chen;Wenbin Xu;Shuang Peng;Haiyan Chen;Xiaohua Liang;Guang Hao
通讯作者：
Guang Hao