Do assets explain the relation between race/ethnicity and probable depression in U.S. adults?
Do assets explain the relation between race/ethnicity and probable depression in U.S. adults?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0239618
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Galea S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ettman CK;Cohen GH;Abdalla SM;Galea S
抑郁症是美国所有种族/民族群体残疾的主要原因。虽然非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人在大多数指标上的身体健康状况比非西班牙裔白色人差，但关于种族/民族与抑郁症发病率之间关系的文献喜忧参半。鉴于不同种族/民族之间资产分配的不平等，社会和经济差异可能解释不同种族/民族之间抑郁症的发病率差异。使用2007-2016年的国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据，我们构建了一个具有全国代表性的26，382名18岁以上成年人样本（11，072名非西班牙裔白色，5，610名非西班牙裔黑人，6，981名西班牙裔和2，719名其他种族）。我们使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）测量抑郁症的症状，得分为10分或以上表示可能患有抑郁症。我们确定了三种资产：金融资产（收入），实物资产（房屋所有权）和社会资产（婚姻状况和教育）。我们估计了不同种族/民族组的可能抑郁症的加权患病率，控制资产的优势比，并预测了不同种族/民族和资产组的可能抑郁症的概率。三个结果有助于我们理解种族/民族之间可能的抑郁症发生率的差异：1）在美国，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人的可能抑郁症的加权患病率高于非西班牙裔白色人。在未调整资产的模型中，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人可能患抑郁症的几率比非西班牙裔白色人高1.3倍（p<0.01）。2)我们发现，在所有种族-民族群体中，资产与可能的抑郁症之间存在反比关系。此外，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人的资产比非西班牙裔白人少。3)当我们控制资产时，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔人可能患抑郁症的几率比非西班牙裔白色人低0.8倍（p<0.05）。因此，当持有资产不变，少数民族有更好的心理健康比非西班牙裔白色的人在美国这三个研究结果有助于调和的研究结果在文献中的种族/民族和抑郁症。鉴于美国财富分配极其不平等，如未经调整的估计数所示，拥有较少资产的少数民族精神疾病的发病率总体较高，这并不奇怪。一旦考虑到资产，黑人和西班牙裔人似乎比非西班牙裔白色人有更好的心理健康。资产可以解释美国种族/民族群体与抑郁症之间的大部分关系。未来的研究应该考虑资产在预防精神疾病方面的作用。
Depression is a leading cause of disability in the U.S. across all race/ethnicity groups. While non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons have worse physical health on most indicators than non-Hispanic White persons, the literature on the association between race/ethnicity and rates of depression is mixed. Given unequal distribution of assets across racial/ethnic groups, it is possible that social and economic differences may explain differential rates of depression across race/ethnicity groups. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007–2016, we constructed a nationally representative sample of 26,382 adults over 18 years old (11,072 non-Hispanic White, 5,610 non-Hispanic Black, 6,981 Hispanic, and 2,719 Other race). We measured symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score of 10 or more indicating probable depression. We identified three kinds of assets: financial assets (income), physical assets (home ownership), and social assets (marital status and education). We estimated the weighted prevalence of probable depression across race/ethnicity groups, odds ratios controlling for assets, and predicted probabilities of probable depression across race/ethnicity and asset groups. Three results contribute to our understanding of the differences in probable depression rates between race/ethnicity groups: 1) Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had a higher weighted prevalence of probable depression in the U.S. than non-Hispanic White persons. In models unadjusted for assets, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had 1.3 greater odds of probable depression than non-Hispanic White persons (p<0.01). 2) We found an inverse relation between assets and probable depression across all race-ethnicity groups. Also, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had fewer assets than non-Hispanic Whites. 3) When we controlled for assets, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons had 0.8 times lower odds of probable depression than non-Hispanic White persons (p<0.05). Thus, when holding assets constant, minorities had better mental health than non-Hispanic White persons in the U.S. These three findings help to reconcile findings in the literature on race/ethnicity and depression. Given vastly unequal distribution of wealth in the U.S., it is not surprising that racial minorities, who hold fewer assets, would have an overall larger prevalence of mental illness, as seen in unadjusted estimates. Once assets are taken into account, Black and Hispanic persons appear to have better mental health than non-Hispanic White persons. Assets may explain much of the relation between race/ethnicity group and depression in the U.S. Future research should consider the role of assets in protecting against mental illness.
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Gavin AR;Walton E;Chae DH;Alegria M;Jackson JS;Takeuchi D
通讯作者：
Takeuchi D
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Hudson, Darrell L.;Puterrnan, Eli;Adler, Nancy E.
通讯作者：
Adler, Nancy E.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Hudson, Darrell L.;Neighbors, H. W.;Jackson, J. S.
通讯作者：
Jackson, J. S.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Kessler, Ronald C.
通讯作者：
Kessler, Ronald C.
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.10.008
发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
SSM - population health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lê-Scherban F;Brenner AB;Schoeni RF
通讯作者：
Schoeni RF