Foot force models of crowd dynamics on a wobbly bridge.
Foot force models of crowd dynamics on a wobbly bridge.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1701512
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Belykh V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belykh I;Jeter R;Belykh V
这项研究开发了“碰撞测试假人”，以帮助设计师避免他们的人行桥振荡或弹跳惊人。现代的人行天桥和悬索桥都是使用行业标准设计的，但也会出现灾难性的共振，需要花费数百万美元进行维修。最近的例子包括1999年巴黎索菲里诺大桥（Solferino Bridge）开放期间由地震引起的振动，以及2014年布鲁克林施贵宝公园大桥（Squibb Park Bridge）的弹跳增加。最突出的不稳定活跃桥梁的例子是伦敦千禧桥，它开始摇摆作为一个结果，桥梁相互作用。由于脚步相位调整而导致的行人相位锁定被怀疑是其大幅横向振动的主要原因;然而，其在引发摇摆中的作用存在争议。我们开发了行人对桥梁运动的反应的脚力模型和详细的，但易于分析的人群相位锁定模型。我们使用受生物力学启发的人群横向运动模型来研究在何种程度上行人同步必须存在的桥梁摆动显着，什么是一个关键的人群规模。我们的研究结果可作为设计人行天桥或限制现有桥梁的最大占用的安全准则。行人模型可用作“碰撞试验假人”时，数值探测特定的桥梁设计。这一点尤其重要，因为美国设计人行天桥的规范没有包含明确的指导方针，说明集体行人的行为。
This study develops “crash test dummies” to help designers avoid their footbridges oscillating or bouncing alarmingly. Modern pedestrian and suspension bridges are designed using industry standard packages, yet disastrous resonant vibrations are observed, necessitating multimillion dollar repairs. Recent examples include pedestrian-induced vibrations during the opening of the Solférino Bridge in Paris in 1999 and the increased bouncing of the Squibb Park Bridge in Brooklyn in 2014. The most prominent example of an unstable lively bridge is the London Millennium Bridge, which started wobbling as a result of pedestrian-bridge interactions. Pedestrian phase locking due to footstep phase adjustment is suspected to be the main cause of its large lateral vibrations; however, its role in the initiation of wobbling was debated. We develop foot force models of pedestrians’ response to bridge motion and detailed, yet analytically tractable, models of crowd phase locking. We use biomechanically inspired models of crowd lateral movement to investigate to what degree pedestrian synchrony must be present for a bridge to wobble significantly and what is a critical crowd size. Our results can be used as a safety guideline for designing pedestrian bridges or limiting the maximum occupancy of an existing bridge. The pedestrian models can be used as “crash test dummies” when numerically probing a specific bridge design. This is particularly important because the U.S. code for designing pedestrian bridges does not contain explicit guidelines that account for the collective pedestrian behavior.
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影响因子：
0.9
作者：
BILLAH, KY;SCANLAN, RH
通讯作者：
SCANLAN, RH
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Green, Daniel;Unruh, William G.
通讯作者：
Unruh, William G.
DOI：
10.1098/rspa.2001.0888
发表时间：
2002-03-08
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bennett, M;Schatz, MF;Wiesenfeld, K
通讯作者：
Wiesenfeld, K
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Abdulrehem, Mahmoud M.;Ott, Edward
通讯作者：
Ott, Edward
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Brun, Michele;Movchan, Alexander;McPhedran, Ross
通讯作者：
McPhedran, Ross