Systems-thinking for environmental policy coherence: Stakeholder knowledge, fuzzy logic, and causal reasoning

Systems-thinking for environmental policy coherence: Stakeholder knowledge, fuzzy logic, and causal reasoning
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环境政策一致性的系统思维:利益相关者知识、模糊逻辑和因果推理

DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2022.07.001
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Castro, Cyndi V.
Castro, Cyndi V.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Castro, Cyndi V.

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环境政策往往是根据自然特征来选择的,而忽视了决策者、社会和自然之间复杂的相互作用。环境政策阻力已被确定为源于这种复杂性,但我们缺乏对社会和物理因素如何相互关联的理解,从而为政策设计提供信息。确定各种管理战略之间的协同作用和权衡是必要的,以便从有限的机构资源中产生最佳结果。参与式建模已在环境社区中使用,通过将不同的利益相关者聚集在一起,并定义他们对复杂系统的共同理解来帮助决策,这些系统通常由因果反馈描述。虽然这种方法增加了对系统复杂性的认识,但因果图通常会导致大量的反馈循环,如果没有进一步的数据密集型建模,这些反馈循环很难解开。在研究人类决策的复杂性时,我们往往缺乏可靠的经验数据集来量化人类行为和环境反馈。模糊逻辑可以将定性关系转化为半定量表示,用于数值模拟。然而,仅仅依赖计算机模拟的输出可能会模糊我们对潜在系统动力学的理解。因此,本研究的目的是提出并展示一种混合方法,以更好地理解:1)就政策协同作用和冲突而言,系统将如何响应独特的管理策略;2)根据系统动力学中嵌入的因果反馈,系统为什么会这样做。通过对美国德克萨斯州休斯顿基于自然的解决方案和政策制定的案例研究,证明了这一框架。
Environmental policies are often chosen according to physical characteristics that disregard the complex interactions between decision-makers, society, and nature. Environmental policy resistance has been identified as stemming from such complexities, yet we lack an understanding of how social and physical factors interrelate to inform policy design. The identification of synergies and trade-offs among various management strategies is necessary to generate optimal results from limited institutional resources. Participatory modeling has been used within the environmental community to aid decision-making by bringing together diverse stakeholders and defining their shared understanding of complex systems, which are commonly depicted by causal feedbacks. While such approaches have increased awareness of system complexity, causal diagrams often result in numerous feedback loops that are difficult to disentangle without further, data-intensive modeling. When investigating the complexities of human decision-making, we often lack robust empirical datasets to quantify human behavior and environmental feedbacks. Fuzzy logic may be used to convert qualitative relationships into semi-quantitative representations for numerical simulation. However, sole reliance upon computer-simulated outputs may obscure our understanding of the underlying system dynamics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present and demonstrate a mixed-methods approach for better understanding: 1)howthe system will respond to unique management strategies, in terms of policy synergies and conflicts, and 2)whythe system behaves as such, according to causal feedbacks embedded within the system dynamics. This framework is demonstrated through a case study of nature-based solutions and policymaking in Houston, Texas, USA.
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