Neuroprotective efficacy of a new brain-penetrating C-Abl inhibitor in a murine Parkinson's disease model.

Neuroprotective efficacy of a new brain-penetrating C-Abl inhibitor in a murine Parkinson's disease model.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0065129
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Ali SF
Ali SF
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Imam SZ;Trickler W;Kimura S;Binienda ZK;Paule MG;Slikker W Jr;Li S;Clark RA;Ali SF

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实验证据表明,氧化和硝化机制是帕金森病 (PD) 中多巴胺能神经元损伤的主要原因。普遍表达的非受体酪氨酸激酶 c-Abl 被氧化应激激活,因此可能在氧化还原介导的神经变性中发挥作用。最近,我们报道了 c-Abl 在 PD 中被激活,并且 c-Abl 抑制剂减轻了 PD 动物模型中的神经元损伤,这提出了一种新的神经保护治疗方法。在此介绍的研究中,我们评估了有效且具有临床相关性的第二代不可逆 Abl 激酶抑制剂 INNO-406 作为 PD 治疗剂的功效。我们的研究表明,INNO-406 能够预防毒素诱导的 C57 帕金森小鼠模型中多巴胺能神经元损伤的进展。使用牛脑微血管内皮作为体外血脑屏障 (BBB) 模型,我们检测到 INNO-406 的快速且显着的转移。此外,药代动力学分析表明,无论是否给予 MPTP,INNO-406 在大脑中均具有显着的纳摩尔浓度,然而,INNO-406 不会改变 MPTP 治疗小鼠的大脑中 MPP+ 水平。最后,我们发现,在 MPTP 治疗前给予 C57 小鼠 10 mg/kg 的 INNO-406 一周(腹腔注射 4×20 mg/kg,每 2 小时),然后在 MPTP 治疗后一周,纹状体中多巴胺的损失减少了 45%,黑质致密部 TH+ 神经元的损失减少了 40%。该治疗方案还消除了 c-Abl 的激活、Abl 底物和 E3-泛素连接酶 Parkin 的酪氨酸磷酸化以及有毒 Parkin 底物 AIMP2 的积累。我们认为,INNO-406 类 Abl 抑制剂的化合物将成为有用的新型神经保护药物,用于治疗临床前系统中的 PD 样病理,并且应该很容易转化为临床。
Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative and nitrative mechanisms account for much of the dopaminergic neuronal injury in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl is activated by oxidative stress and thus, may play a role in redox-mediated neurodegeneration. Recently, we reported that c-Abl is activated in PD and that a c-Abl inhibitor mitigated neuronal damage in a PD animal model, suggesting a novel neuroprotective therapeutic approach. In the studies presented here, we evaluated the efficacy of a potent and clinically relevant second-generation irreversible Abl kinase inhibitor, INNO-406, as a therapeutic agent for PD. Our studies reveal that INNO-406 is capable of preventing the progression of dopaminergic neuronal damage in a toxin-induced C57 mouse model of PD. Using bovine brain microvessel endothelium as an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, we detected rapid and significant transfer of INNO-406. Additionally, pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated significant nanomolar concentrations of INNO-406 in brain in the presence or absence of MPTP administration, however, INNO-406 did not alter the brain levels of MPP+ in MPTP-treated mice. Finally, we showed that 10 mg/kg of INNO-406 given to C57 mice for one week before MPTP treatment (4×20 mg/kg i.p., every 2 h) and then for one week after MPTP treatment decreased the loss of dopamine in the striatum by 45% and the loss of TH+ neurons in substantia nigra pars compacts by 40%. This treatment regimen also abrogated activation of c-Abl, tyrosine phosphorylation of the Abl substrate and E3-ubiquitin ligase parkin, and accumulation of the toxic parkin substrate AIMP2. We propose that compounds of the INNO-406 class of Abl inhibitors will be useful new neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of PD-like pathology in preclinical systems that should be easily translated to the clinic.
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