Analyzing Bitcoin transaction fees using a queueing game model

Analyzing Bitcoin transaction fees using a queueing game model
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使用排队博弈模型分析比特币交易费用

DOI:
10.1007/s10660-020-09414-3
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发表时间:
2020-05
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Wang Fei-Yue
Wang Fei-Yue
中科院分区:
管理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li Juanjuan;Yuan Yong;Wang Fei-Yue

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在比特币系统中,大量矿工在区块链挖矿过程中投入大量计算资源,以追求比特币奖励,比特币奖励由系统生成的固定数量的新区块奖励和用户提交的可变数量的交易费用组成。在这里,交易费用是比特币系统定义用户交易确认优先级的重要调节器。本文研究了基于交易费用的交易确认优先规则,进而研究了交易确认博弈中用户制定费用的策略。本文首先建立了一个完全信息博弈模型,研究用户的均衡费用决策,然后讨论了三种类型的纳什均衡,在这三种均衡下,用户不交交易费、用户全部交交易费和用户部分交交易费。此外,我们进行实证研究和设计计算实验来验证我们的理论分析。实验结果表明:(1)用户的等待时间会显著影响用户的费用决策;(2)减少的时间成本而不是交易价值是用户评估其收益的基础;(3)更长的等待时间和更高的单位时间成本促使用户提交交易费用以追求期望的优先级;(4)随着交易手续费要求的增加,交费用户比例先缓慢下降后急剧下降,过高的手续费要求会导致交易确认游戏最终无用户交费。
In the Bitcoin system, large numbers of miners invest massive computing resources in the blockchain mining process in pursuit of Bitcoin rewards, which are comprised of a fixed amount of system-generated new block reward and a variable amount of user-submitted transaction fees. Here, transaction fees serve as the important tuner for the Bitcoin system to define the priorities in users’ transaction confirmation. In this paper, we aim to study the priority rule for queueing transactions based on their associated fees, and in turn users’ strategies in formulating their fees in the transaction confirmation game. We first establish a full-information game-theoretical model to study users’ equilibrium fee decisions; and then discuss three types of Nash equilibria, under which no, all and some users submit transaction fees. Moreover, we conduct empirical studies and design computational experiments to validate our theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that (1) users’ fee decisions will be significantly affected by their waiting time; (2) the reduced time costs, instead of transaction values, are the basis for users to evaluate their revenues; (3) longer waiting time and higher unit time cost drive users to submit transaction fees in pursuit of desired priorities; (4) with the required transaction fee increasing, the proportion of fee-submitting users decreases slowly at first followed by a sharp decline, and over-high required fees will make the transaction confirmation game end up with no users submitting fees.
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2985764
发表时间: 2018-03
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影响因子: --
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