Reliability and importance of structural diversity of climate model ensembles

Reliability and importance of structural diversity of climate model ensembles
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气候模式集合结构多样性的可靠性和重要性

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-013-1733-9
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Yokohata T
Yokohata T
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yokohata T

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本文研究了来自耦合模式比对项目(CMIP5)的最新一代多模型集成(MME)的性能。我们将集成与上一代模型(CMIP3)以及几个由单个模型的不同组件构建的单模型集成(sme)进行比较。这些SMEs的范围从采样参数不确定性的综综(摄动物理综综)到切换多个物理方案的综综(多物理综综)。我们侧重于用等级直方图评估当前气候学的可靠性,但也研究了变量场的有效自由度(EDoF),这使得可靠性的统计检验更加严格,并考虑了观测和集合成员之间的距离。我们发现,CMIP5等级直方图的特征在大尺度上具有一般的可靠性,与CMIP3的特征一致,表明对当今气候学具有相似的表现水平。中小微企业的传播趋向于“过度分散”而非“不足分散”。一般来说,中小企业检查倾向于分散不足,秩直方图分析确定它们在统计上与许多观察结果可区分。中小微企业的edof通常大于中小企业,这表明结构变化导致的模型行为范围比参数/物理方案切换集成更丰富。对于距离测量,MMEs的观测值和模型集合成员之间的间隔类似,而对于sme,观测值通常在集合之外。我们建议多模型集成应该是不确定性分析的一个重要组成部分。
We investigate the performance of the newest generation multi-model ensemble (MME) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We compare the ensemble to the previous generation models (CMIP3) as well as several single model ensembles (SMEs), which are constructed by varying components of single models. These SMEs range from ensembles where parameter uncertainties are sampled (perturbed physics ensembles) through to an ensemble where a number of the physical schemes are switched (multi-physics ensemble). We focus on assessing reliability against present-day climatology with rank histograms, but also investigate the effective degrees of freedom (EDoF) of the fields of variables which makes the statistical test of reliability more rigorous, and consider the distances between the observation and ensemble members. We find that the features of the CMIP5 rank histograms, of general reliability on broad scales, are consistent with those of CMIP3, suggesting a similar level of performance for present-day climatology. The spread of MMEs tends towards being “over-dispersed” rather than “under-dispersed”. In general, the SMEs examined tend towards insufficient dispersion and the rank histogram analysis identifies them as being statistically distinguishable from many of the observations. The EDoFs of the MMEs are generally greater than those of SMEs, suggesting that structural changes lead to a characteristically richer range of model behaviours than is obtained with parametric/physical-scheme-switching ensembles. For distance measures, the observations and models ensemble members are similarly spaced from each other for MMEs, whereas for the SMEs, the observations are generally well outside the ensemble. We suggest that multi-model ensembles should represent an important component of uncertainty analysis.
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