Microglia in the aging brain: relevance to neurodegeneration.
Microglia in the aging brain: relevance to neurodegeneration.
复制标题
衰老大脑中的小胶质细胞：与神经退行性变的相关性
DOI：
10.1186/1750-1326-5-12
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发表时间：
2010-03-24
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Chen SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo XG;Ding JQ;Chen SD
小胶质细胞是巨噬细胞的大脑对应物，并作为大脑中的第一道防御功能。虽然它们在年轻的大脑中具有神经保护作用，但小胶质细胞可能会对老年大脑中的刺激做出异常反应，并在神经变性期间变得神经毒性和破坏性。衰老诱导的免疫衰老在脑中作为与年龄相关的小胶质细胞衰老而发生，这使得小胶质细胞功能异常并可能最终促进神经退行性变。小胶质细胞衰老表现为形态学变化和免疫表型表达及炎症特征的改变。这些变化可能是由微生物学因素引起的，但还不能完全排除内在因素。小胶质细胞衰老似乎是小胶质细胞从年轻大脑中的神经保护性转换为老年大脑中的神经毒性的基础。衰老过程中小胶质细胞衰老的假说提供了一个新的视角，他们在衰老相关的神经退行性变的作用。在帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中，小胶质细胞的过度活化可能在发病机制中起积极作用，因为小胶质细胞衰老使它们在疾病发展期间具有神经毒性。
Microglia cells are the brain counterpart of macrophages and function as the first defense in the brain. Although they are neuroprotective in the young brain, microglia cells may be primed to react abnormally to stimuli in the aged brain and to become neurotoxic and destructive during neurodegeneration. Aging-induced immune senescence occurs in the brain as age-associated microglia senescence, which renders microglia to function abnormally and may eventually promote neurodegeneration. Microglia senescence is manifested by both morphological changes and alterations in immunophenotypic expression and inflammatory profile. These changes are likely caused by microinvironmental factors, but intrinsic factors cannot yet be completely excluded. Microglia senescence appears to underlie the switching of microglia from neuroprotective in the young brain to neurotoxic in the aged brain. The hypothesis of microglia senescence during aging offers a novel perspective on their roles in aging-related neurodegeneration. In Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, over-activation of microglia may play an active role in the pathogenesis because microglia senescence primes them to be neurotoxic during the development of the diseases.
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