Interplays of AMPK and TOR in Autophagy Regulation in Yeast.
Interplays of AMPK and TOR in Autophagy Regulation in Yeast.
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作者：
细胞调查它们的环境，需要平衡生长和合成代谢与应激程序和分解代谢，以最大限度地提高细胞生物能量经济和生存。营养反应通路，如雷帕霉素（mTOR）的机制靶点，不断地与应激反应中枢（如amp活化的蛋白激酶（AMPK））相互作用和串扰，以调节转录、蛋白质翻译、脂质和碳水化合物稳态等基本细胞过程。特别是在营养紧张或缺乏的情况下，细胞会相应地调整新陈代谢，更重要的是，通过自噬机制回收物质。自噬是清除受损大分子和细胞器的看门人，是细胞内质量保证机制，在寿命、健康和细胞存活中起着至关重要的作用。自噬与能量和营养水平以及损伤反应紧密相连，而酵母在阐明这种联系方面发挥了重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了将生长和应激联系起来的交叉对话和反馈回路，主要是在分裂酵母分裂糖酵母中，这是细胞和分子生物学中最受欢迎的模型。
Cells survey their environment and need to balance growth and anabolism with stress programmes and catabolism towards maximum cellular bioenergetics economy and survival. Nutrient-responsive pathways, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) interact and cross-talk, continuously, with stress-responsive hubs such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to regulate fundamental cellular processes such as transcription, protein translation, lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis. Especially in nutrient stresses or deprivations, cells tune their metabolism accordingly and, crucially, recycle materials through autophagy mechanisms. It has now become apparent that autophagy is pivotal in lifespan, health and cell survival as it is a gatekeeper of clearing damaged macromolecules and organelles and serving as quality assurance mechanism within cells. Autophagy is hard-wired with energy and nutrient levels as well as with damage-response, and yeasts have been instrumental in elucidating such connectivities. In this review, we briefly outline cross-talks and feedback loops that link growth and stress, mainly, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a favourite model in cell and molecular biology.
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