Fear or disgust? The role of emotions in spider phobia and blood-injection-injury phobia.
Fear or disgust? The role of emotions in spider phobia and blood-injection-injury phobia.
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恐惧还是厌恶？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Dirik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merve Çavuşoğlu;G. Dirik
根据文献，人们认为恐惧和焦虑是焦虑症的基本情绪。最近的许多研究报告称，厌恶和恐惧一样，在焦虑症的病因和维持中起着重要作用。对厌恶在焦虑障碍中的作用的评估使理论和实证文献走向了一个新的方向，超越了传统对恐惧的强调。这些基础研究大多集中在特定的恐惧症上，如血液注射损伤恐惧症和蜘蛛恐惧症。从生理和认知过程的评估以及主观和行为经验中获得的发现清楚地表明，对恐惧刺激的情绪反应除了恐惧之外，还包括厌恶；然而，实证研究表明，厌恶和恐惧对特定恐惧症有不同的相对影响。为了说明这一点，在血液注射损伤恐惧症中，个体体验到厌恶是基本情绪，而在蜘蛛恐惧症中，个体体验到恐惧和厌恶。然而，结论是恐惧在后者中起着更根本的作用。然而，研究表明，如果考虑到面部表情和认知评价，可以识别出与神经结构或心率等生理反应不同的基本情绪。本文从恐惧与厌恶敏感性的关系、厌恶作为恐惧反应的一部分以及厌恶引发的回避行为等方面探讨了恐惧和厌恶在注射损伤恐惧症和蜘蛛恐惧症中的作用。
According to the literature, it is assumed that fear and anxiety are basic emotions in anxiety disorders. Many recent studies report that disgust, as well as fear, has an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Evaluation of the role of disgust in anxiety disorders has led the theoretical and empirical literature in a new direction, beyond the traditional emphasis on fear. Most of this basic research has focused on specific phobias, such as blood-injection-injury phobia and spider phobia. Findings obtained from evaluation of physiological and cognitive processes, and subjective and behavioral experiences clearly show that in addition to fear, emotional reactions to phobic stimuli also include disgust; however, empirical studies show that disgust and fear have different relative impacts on specific phobias. To illustrate, individuals experience disgust as the basic emotion in blood-injection-injury phobia, whereas both fear and disgust are experienced in spider phobia. Nevertheless, it is concluded that fear has a more fundamental role in the latter. Yet, research indicates that basic emotions different from those identified from neural structures or physiological responses, such as heart rate, can be identified if facial expressions and cognitive appraisals are taken into account. In the present review the role of fear and disgust in blood-injection-injury phobia vs. spider phobia are discussed, based on the relationship between the phobias and disgust sensitivity, disgust as part of phobic responses, and disgust-motivated avoidance behavior.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ROZIN, P;FALLON, AE
通讯作者：
FALLON, AE