When Efficiency meets Equity in Congestion Pricing and Revenue Refunding Schemes

When Efficiency meets Equity in Congestion Pricing and Revenue Refunding Schemes
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当拥堵收费和收入返还计划中效率与公平相遇时

DOI:
10.1145/3465416.3483296
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
and Optimization
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pavone, Marco
Pavone, Marco
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jalota, Devansh;Solovey, Kiril;Gopalakrishnan, Karthik;Zoepf, Stephen;Balakrishnan, Hamsa;Pavone, Marco

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长期以来,拥堵定价一直被誉为缓解交通拥堵的一种手段;然而,由于社会不公平问题,其实际应用受到限制,例如,低收入的使用者被某些道路的价格所淘汰。这一问题促使人们对设计公平机制,将收取的通行费退还给用户产生了兴趣。虽然退税已被广泛研究,一直没有这样的计划可以设计,以同时实现系统的效率和公平的objectives.In这项工作中,我们通过研究非原子拥塞游戏的拥塞定价和退税(CPRR)计划弥合这一差距。我们首先开发CPRR计划,与不收费的情况相比,同时(i)提高系统效率和(ii)减少财富不平等,同时(iii)用户有利:无论他们的初始财富或时间价值(可能不同的用户),用户将体验到较低的旅行成本后,实施拟议的计划。然后,我们描述了一组最优的用户有利的CPRR计划,同时最大限度地提高系统效率和最小化财富不平等。这些结果假设了一个经过充分研究的行为模型,用户最小化他们的旅行时间和通行费的线性函数,而不考虑退款。总的来说,我们的工作表明,通过适当的退款政策,我们可以实现系统效率,同时减少财富不平等。
Congestion pricing has long been hailed as a means to mitigate traffic congestion; however, its practical adoption has been limited due to social inequity issues, e.g., low-income users are priced out off certain roads. This issue has spurred interest in the design of equitable mechanisms that refund the collected toll revenues to users. Although revenue refunding has been extensively studied, there has been no characterization of how such schemes can be designed to simultaneously achieve system efficiency and equity objectives.In this work, we bridge this gap through the study of congestion pricing and revenue refunding (CPRR) schemes in non-atomic congestion games. We first develop CPRR schemes, which in comparison to the untolled case, simultaneously (i) increase system efficiency and (ii) decrease wealth inequality, while being (iii) user-favorable: irrespective of their initial wealth or values-of-time (which may differ across users) users would experience a lower travel cost after the implementation of the proposed scheme. We then characterize the set of optimal user-favorable CPRR schemes that simultaneously maximize system efficiency and minimize wealth inequality. These results assume a well-studied behavior model of users minimizing a linear function of their travel times and tolls, without considering refunds. Overall, our work demonstrates that through appropriate refunding policies we can achieve system efficiency while reducing wealth inequality.
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