Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Pathogenesis to Classification and Treatment.
Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Pathogenesis to Classification and Treatment.
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急性淋巴细胞白血病中的线性和环状长非编码 RNA：从发病机制到分类和治疗
DOI：
10.3390/ijms23084442
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发表时间：
2022-04-18
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
编码区仅占人类基因组的一小部分，其余绝大多数区域产生大量非编码RNA。尽管非编码RNA不编码任何蛋白质，但它们被认为通过在转录、转录后和翻译后水平调节基因表达和蛋白质功能而充当肿瘤抑制因子或癌基因。急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 起源于骨髓 (BM) 中 B/T 前体阶段淋巴祖细胞的恶性转化。 ALL 的发病机制与异常基因改变密切相关，异常基因改变会阻碍淋巴分化并驱动异常细胞增殖和存活。虽然儿童 ALL 的治疗代表了基于化疗消除恶性肿瘤的重大成功故事，但成人 ALL 仍然是一种预后相对较差的毁灭性疾病。因此，需要进一步探索 ALL 发病机制和进展的新方面，特别是在成年人群中。越来越多的证据表明，仅靠基因改变很少足以导致 ALL 的发生。细胞遗传学和测序技术的最新进展揭示了表观遗传改变，包括非编码 RNA 的改变，作为 ALL 病因和进展的协同事件。虽然 micro RNA 在 ALL 中的作用已被广泛综述，但相对而言，对其他非编码 RNA 的关注较少。在此，我们回顾了线性和环状长非编码RNA在ALL的病因、维持和进展中的参与，强调了这些非编码RNA在ALL分类和诊断、风险分层以及治疗中的贡献。
The coding regions account for only a small part of the human genome, and the remaining vast majority of the regions generate large amounts of non-coding RNAs. Although non-coding RNAs do not code for any protein, they are suggested to work as either tumor suppressers or oncogenes through modulating the expression of genes and functions of proteins at transcriptional, posttranscriptional and post-translational levels. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) originates from malignant transformed B/T-precursor-stage lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow (BM). The pathogenesis of ALL is closely associated with aberrant genetic alterations that block lymphoid differentiation and drive abnormal cell proliferation as well as survival. While treatment of pediatric ALL represents a major success story in chemotherapy-based elimination of a malignancy, adult ALL remains a devastating disease with relatively poor prognosis. Thus, novel aspects in the pathogenesis and progression of ALL, especially in the adult population, need to be further explored. Accumulating evidence indicated that genetic changes alone are rarely sufficient for development of ALL. Recent advances in cytogenic and sequencing technologies revealed epigenetic alterations including that of non-coding RNAs as cooperating events in ALL etiology and progression. While the role of micro RNAs in ALL has been extensively reviewed, less attention, relatively, has been paid to other non-coding RNAs. Herein, we review the involvement of linear and circular long non-coding RNAs in the etiology, maintenance, and progression of ALL, highlighting the contribution of these non-coding RNAs in ALL classification and diagnosis, risk stratification as well as treatment.
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