Evolution of SET-domain protein families in the unicellular and multicellular Ascomycota fungi.
Evolution of SET-domain protein families in the unicellular and multicellular Ascomycota fungi.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-8-190
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Moriyama EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Veerappan CS;Avramova Z;Moriyama EN
多细胞性的进化伴随着分化组织、生物体发育程序以及保持增殖和分化之间平衡的机制的发生。最初，SET结构域蛋白质仅与后生动物中发育基因的调控相关。然而，SET结构域基因在单细胞酵母酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母中的发现表明SET结构域蛋白调节更广泛的生物程序。直觉上，预期多细胞与单细胞形式的SET结构域蛋白的数量、类型和生化特异性将反映它们生物学上的差异。然而，跨单细胞和多细胞领域的生命的比较是复杂的缺乏知识的祖先SET域基因。即使在冠群内，不同的生物系统也可能以不同的方式使用表观遗传“密码”，使其适应生物体的特定需求。简化模型，我们进行了系统的系统发育分析的一个单系真菌组（子囊菌），含有单细胞酵母菌，半子囊菌亚门（hemiascomycetes），和丝状真菌组，盘菌亚门（真子囊菌）。系统分析SET结构域基因在整个真核生物门概述了明确的区别在SET结构域基因集合中的单细胞和多细胞（丝状）的亲戚;多样化的SET结构域基因家族的进一步扩大和阐述多细胞在动物和植物系统。我们发现了几个子囊菌特有的SET结构域基因组，每个都是独特的要么pesticomycotina或Pezizomycotina真菌。我们的分析表明，SET结构域基因的数量和类型的真菌亚门没有反映的栖息地，致病性，性的机制，或进行形态转化的能力。然而，新的基因已经出现了与多细胞过渡相关的功能。在丝状真菌中发现的大多数SET结构域基因家族的后代可以在现存动物和植物的基因组中找到，尽管是更复杂的结构形式。SET结构域基因在丝状物种中发现，但不存在的单细胞姐妹群反映了两个替代的进化事件：从酵母基因组中删除或丝状真菌群中出现新结构。不存在子囊菌门特异性SET结构域基因家族（即，不存在于动物和植物基因组中）;然而，植物和动物共享真菌中不存在的SET结构域基因亚家族。系统发育和基因结构分析确定了几个动物和植物SET域基因的姐妹群，而那些真菌起源的基础上，他们。植物和动物也共享真菌中不存在的SET结构域亚家族。
The evolution of multicellularity is accompanied by the occurrence of differentiated tissues, of organismal developmental programs, and of mechanisms keeping the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Initially, the SET-domain proteins were associated exclusively with regulation of developmental genes in metazoa. However, finding of SET-domain genes in the unicellular yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe suggested that SET-domain proteins regulate a much broader variety of biological programs. Intuitively, it is expected that the numbers, types, and biochemical specificity of SET-domain proteins of multicellular versus unicellular forms would reflect the differences in their biology. However, comparisons across the unicellular and multicellular domains of life are complicated by the lack of knowledge of the ancestral SET-domain genes. Even within the crown group, different biological systems might use the epigenetic 'code' differently, adapting it to organism-specific needs. Simplifying the model, we undertook a systematic phylogenetic analysis of one monophyletic fungal group (Ascomycetes) containing unicellular yeasts, Saccharomycotina (hemiascomycetes), and a filamentous fungal group, Pezizomycotina (euascomycetes). Systematic analysis of the SET-domain genes across an entire eukaryotic phylum has outlined clear distinctions in the SET-domain gene collections in the unicellular and in the multicellular (filamentous) relatives; diversification of SET-domain gene families has increased further with the expansion and elaboration of multicellularity in animal and plant systems. We found several ascomycota-specific SET-domain gene groups; each was unique to either Saccharomycotina or Pezizomycotina fungi. Our analysis revealed that the numbers and types of SET-domain genes in the Saccharomycotina did not reflect the habitats, pathogenicity, mechanisms of sexuality, or the ability to undergo morphogenic transformations. However, novel genes have appeared for functions associated with the transition to multicellularity. Descendents of most of the SET-domain gene families found in the filamentous fungi could be traced in the genomes of extant animals and plants, albeit as more complex structural forms. SET-domain genes found in the filamentous species but absent from the unicellular sister group reflect two alternative evolutionary events: deletion from the yeast genomes or appearance of novel structures in filamentous fungal groups. There were no Ascomycota-specific SET-domain gene families (i.e., absent from animal and plant genomes); however, plants and animals share SET-domain gene subfamilies that do not exist in the fungi. Phylogenetic and gene-structure analyses defined several animal and plant SET-domain genes as sister groups while those of fungal origin were basal to them. Plants and animals also share SET-domain subfamilies that do not exist in fungi.
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