Impact of Influenza A Virus Shutoff Proteins on Host Immune Responses.

Impact of Influenza A Virus Shutoff Proteins on Host Immune Responses.
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DOI:
10.3390/vaccines9060629
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发表时间:
2021-06-10
期刊:
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Takimoto T
Takimoto T
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dunagan MM;Hardy K;Takimoto T

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甲型流感病毒(IAV)是引起季节性流行的重要人类病原体。尽管有多种类型的疫苗可供使用,但 IAV 仍然在人群中传播,这可能是因为它们能够规避宿主免疫反应。 IAV 表达两种宿主关闭蛋白 PA-X 和 NS1,它们拮抗宿主先天免疫反应。通过转录组分析,我们之前表明 PA-X 是一般关闭的主要贡献者,而关闭活性 NS1 特异性抑制宿主细胞因子、MHC 分子和培养的人类细胞中涉及先天免疫的基因的表达。到目前为止,这些关闭蛋白对体内获得性免疫反应的影响尚未详细确定。在本研究中,我们使用含有影响关闭活性 PA-X 和 NS1 表达的突变的重组甲型流感/加利福尼亚/04/2009 病毒,在小鼠模型中分析了 PA-X 和 NS1 关闭活性对免疫反应的影响。我们的数据表明,没有关闭活性的病毒诱导了最强的 T 和 B 细胞反应。 PA-X 和 NS1 都会降低宿主免疫反应,但关闭活性 NS1 最有效地抑制淋巴细胞向肺部迁移、抗体产生以及 IAV 特异性 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞的产生。 NS1 还阻止了针对异源病毒攻击的保护性免疫的产生。这些数据表明,关闭活性 NS1 在抑制宿主针对 IAV 感染的免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant human pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics. Although various types of vaccines are available, IAVs still circulate among human populations, possibly due to their ability to circumvent host immune responses. IAV expresses two host shutoff proteins, PA-X and NS1, which antagonize the host innate immune response. By transcriptomic analysis, we previously showed that PA-X is a major contributor for general shutoff, while shutoff active NS1 specifically inhibits the expression of host cytokines, MHC molecules, and genes involved in innate immunity in cultured human cells. So far, the impact of these shutoff proteins in the acquired immune response in vivo has not been determined in detail. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PA-X and NS1 shutoff activities on immune response using recombinant influenza A/California/04/2009 viruses containing mutations affecting the expression of shutoff active PA-X and NS1 in a mouse model. Our data indicate that the virus without shutoff activities induced the strongest T and B cell responses. Both PA-X and NS1 reduced host immune responses, but shutoff active NS1 most effectively suppressed lymphocyte migration to the lungs, antibody production, and the generation of IAV specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. NS1 also prevented the generation of protective immunity against a heterologous virus challenge. These data indicate that shutoff active NS1 plays a major role in suppressing host immune responses against IAV infection.
病毒操纵宿主免疫反应。
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发表时间: 2018-11
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影响因子: 6.7
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