Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism.

Savant syndrome has a distinct psychological profile in autism.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13229-018-0237-1
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Simner J
Simner J
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hughes JEA;Ward J;Gruffydd E;Baron-Cohen S;Smith P;Allison C;Simner J

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学者综合症是一种惊人的天赋可以与自闭症谱系障碍(自闭症)等发展条件共同发生的情况。目前尚不清楚为什么有些自闭症患者发展出学者技能,而另一些则没有。我们测试了三组成年人:有学者技能的自闭症患者,没有学者技能的自闭症患者,以及没有自闭症或学者综合征的典型对照组。在实验1中,我们调查了这三个群体的认知和行为概况,要求参与者完成一系列自我报告的感觉灵敏度,强迫行为,认知风格,以及更广泛的自闭症相关特征,包括社会沟通和系统化。在实验2中,我们研究了我们的三个小组如何学习一种新的学者技能-日历计算。感觉灵敏度提高、强迫行为、技术/空间能力和系统化都是界定学者特征的关键方面,这些特征与孤独症不同,沿着的是不同的任务学习方法。这些结果揭示了一个独特的认知和行为特征,在自闭症成人学者综合征,是不同于自闭症成人没有学者的技能。本文的在线版本(10.1186/s13229-018-0237-1)包含补充材料,可供授权用户使用。
Savant syndrome is a condition where prodigious talent can co-occur with developmental conditions such as autism spectrum conditions (autism). It is not yet clear why some autistic people develop savant skills while others do not. We tested three groups of adults: autistic individuals who have savant skills, autistic individuals without savant skills, and typical controls without autism or savant syndrome. In experiment 1, we investigated the cognitive and behavioural profiles of these three groups by asking participants to complete a battery of self-report measures of sensory sensitivity, obsessional behaviours, cognitive styles, and broader autism-related traits including social communication and systemising. In experiment 2, we investigated how our three groups learned a novel savant skill—calendar calculation. Heightened sensory sensitivity, obsessional behaviours, technical/spatial abilities, and systemising were all key aspects in defining the savant profile distinct from autism alone, along with a different approach to task learning. These results reveal a unique cognitive and behavioural profile in autistic adults with savant syndrome that is distinct from autistic adults without a savant skill. The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0237-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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