Cell sources, liver support systems and liver tissue engineering: alternatives to liver transplantation.
Cell sources, liver support systems and liver tissue engineering: alternatives to liver transplantation.
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DOI：
10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.36
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Choi D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee SY;Kim HJ;Choi D
肝脏是人体最大的器官，结构复杂，功能广泛，具有独特的再生能力。世界范围内肝病发病率的增加需要更多的肝脏移植手术，并导致供体肝脏持续短缺。为了满足巨大的需求，人们正在研究各种替代方法，包括肝细胞移植、人工设备和器官本身的生物打印。成人肝细胞是首选的细胞来源，但其来源有限，难以分离，增殖能力差，体外功能退化迅速。通过改善肝细胞的培养条件，提供足够的细胞外基质，与实质外细胞共培养，以及确定其他细胞来源，已经做出了克服这些缺点的努力。人干细胞向肝细胞分化已成为干细胞研究领域的一大热点，并取得了很大进展。与此同时，脱细胞器官基质的使用和3D打印是组织工程的新兴尖端技术，为肝脏再生医学开辟了新的道路。本文对这些问题以及肝支持系统和组织工程的位置进行了简要的总结，重点介绍了可再生和有用的肝细胞来源，包括由干细胞分化而形成的各种候选细胞。
The liver is the largest organ in the body; it has a complex architecture, wide range of functions and unique regenerative capacity. The growing incidence of liver diseases worldwide requires increased numbers of liver transplant and leads to an ongoing shortage of donor livers. To meet the huge demand, various alternative approaches are being investigated including, hepatic cell transplantation, artificial devices and bioprinting of the organ itself. Adult hepatocytes are the preferred cell sources, but they have limited availability, are difficult to isolate, propagate poor and undergo rapid functional deterioration in vitro. There have been efforts to overcome these drawbacks; by improving culture condition for hepatocytes, providing adequate extracellular matrix, co-culturing with extra-parenchymal cells and identifying other cell sources. Differentiation of human stem cells to hepatocytes has become a major interest in the field of stem cell research and has progressed greatly. At the same time, use of decellularized organ matrices and 3 D printing are emerging cutting-edge technologies for tissue engineering, opening up new paths for liver regenerative medicine. This review provides a compact summary of the issues, and the locations of liver support systems and tissue engineering, with an emphasis on reproducible and useful sources of hepatocytes including various candidates formed by differentiation from stem cells.
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