Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents.
Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents.
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研究综述：对自闭症和非自闭症儿童和青少年社交互动和沟通方面的性别差异进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Hadwin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henry Wood;Bonnie Wong;H. Kovshoff;S. Cortese;J. Hadwin
背景
越来越多的证据表明，自闭症谱系障碍在女性中的表现与男性不同。之前研究社会互动和社会沟通中的性别差异的评论主要集中在广泛的结构层面（例如比较现有诊断仪器的算法分数），并且通常报告男性和女性之间没有显着差异。然而，许多个别研究发现在狭窄的结构域中存在性别/性别差异。
方法
我们进行了系统回顾和随机效应模型荟萃分析（2019 年 1 月并于 2020 年 1 月更新），调查了自闭症和非自闭症儿童、青少年和成人的社会沟通和互动的狭义构建测量中的性别/性别差异。使用横断面研究评估工具（AXIS，BMJ Open，6，2016，1）评估研究质量。
结果
在 16 项研究（包括 2,730 名参与者）中，分析发现患有自闭症谱系障碍的女性（相对于男性）具有明显更好的社交互动和社交沟通技巧（SMD = 0.39，p < .001），这反映了非自闭症个体的相似性/性别特征（SMD = 0.35，p < .001）。非自闭症男性的社交互动和沟通能力明显优于患有 ASD 的男性 (SMD = 0.77, p < .001)。与自闭症谱系障碍女性相比，非自闭症女性的社交互动和沟通也明显更好（SMD = 0.72，p <.001）。非自闭症男性比患有自闭症谱系障碍的女性有更好的社交互动和沟通，尽管这种差异并不显着（SMD = 0.30，p = .07）。
结论
这项系统回顾和荟萃分析强调了自闭症谱系障碍患者在社会交往和沟通方面的重要性别差异，这些差异可能无法被现有的诊断工具所捕获，这可能导致对女性自闭症的认识不足，并且可能需要在诊断过程中得到反映。
BACKGROUND
Evidence increasingly suggests that ASD manifests differently in females than males. Previous reviews investigating sex/gender differences in social interaction and social communication have focused at the level of broad constructs (e.g. comparing algorithm scores from pre-existing diagnostic instruments) and have typically reported no significant differences between males and females. However, a number of individual studies have found sex/gender differences in narrow construct domains.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and random effects model meta-analyses (in January 2019 and updated January 2020) that investigated sex/gender differences in narrow construct measures of social communication and interaction in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents, and adults. Study quality was appraised using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS, BMJ Open, 6, 2016, 1).
RESULTS
Across 16 studies (including 2,730 participants), the analysis found that female (vs. male) individuals with ASD had significantly better social interaction and social communication skills (SMD = 0.39, p < .001), which was reflective of a similar sex/gender profile in nonautistic individuals (SMD = 0.35, p < .001). Nonautistic males had significantly better social interaction and communication than males with ASD (SMD = 0.77, p < .001). Nonautistic females also had significantly better social interaction and communication than females with ASD (SMD = 0.72, p <.001). Nonautistic males had better social interaction and communication than females with ASD, though this difference was not significant (SMD = 0.30, p = .07).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted important sex/gender differences in social interaction and communication for individuals with ASD, likely not captured by pre-existing diagnostic instruments, which potentially contribute to the under recognition of autism in females, and may need to be reflected in the diagnostic process.
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.016
发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Chawarska K;Macari S;Powell K;DiNicola L;Shic F
通讯作者：
Shic F