Enhanced Social Attention in Female Infant Siblings at Risk for Autism.
Enhanced Social Attention in Female Infant Siblings at Risk for Autism.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.016
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Shic F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chawarska K;Macari S;Powell K;DiNicola L;Shic F
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中的性二态性是一个公认但知之甚少的现象。女性被诊断为ASD的可能性是男性的四倍，并且在诊断时更有可能表现出共病的焦虑症状。自闭症谱系障碍的关键表型特征之一是对社会相关刺激的非典型关注。眼动追踪研究表明，在ASD的前驱期和早期综合征阶段，自发的社会定向的非典型模式。然而，还没有研究评估早期社会定向的性别差异及其对后来结果的潜在贡献。我们研究了ASD高遗传风险（n = 101）和低风险对照（n = 61）的6个月、9个月和12个月大的婴儿在社会定向方面的性别差异，重点关注自闭症风险范围内的神经行为功能测量。结果表明，在6至12个月的年龄，一个时期的高度后果的非语言的社会参与能力的发展，高风险的女性表现出更高的关注社会目标，包括面孔，相比高风险的男性和低风险的男性和女性。在高危婴儿中，对社会目标的更多关注与不太严重的社会障碍有关，但与2岁时的社会能力水平无关。研究结果表明，女性自闭症风险的另一种表达，表现在婴儿期对社会相关刺激的注意力增加。这种增加的关注可能作为一个认知女性对ASD的保护因素，通过提供更多的社会经验，在早期发展。
Sexual dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a well-recognized but poorly understood phenomenon. Females are four times less likely to be diagnosed with ASD than males and, when diagnosed, are more likely to exhibit comorbid anxiety symptoms. One of the key phenotypic features of ASD is atypical attention to socially relevant stimuli. Eye-tracking studies indicate atypical patterns of spontaneous social orienting during the prodromal and early syndromic stages of ASD. However, there have been no studies evaluating sex differences in early social orienting and their potential contribution to later outcomes. We examined sex differences in social orienting in 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old infants at high genetic risk for ASD (n = 101) and in low-risk controls (n = 61), focusing on neurobehavioral measures of function across a spectrum of autism risk. Results suggest that, between 6 and 12 months of age, a period highly consequential for the development of nonverbal social engagement competencies, high-risk females show enhanced attention to social targets, including faces, compared to both high-risk males and low-risk males and females. Greater attention to social targets in high-risk infants was associated with less severe social impairments, but not with higher levels of social competence at 2 years. The results suggest an alternate expression of autism risk in females, which manifests in infancy as increased attention toward socially relevant stimuli. This increased attention may serve as a cognitive female protective factor against ASD by providing increased access to social experiences in early development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003
发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Lai, Meng-Chuan;Lombardo, Michael V.;Auyeung, Bonnie;Chakrabarti, Bhismadev;Baron-Cohen, Simon
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.015
发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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