Improving public understanding of climate change by supporting weathercasters
Improving public understanding of climate change by supporting weathercasters
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通过支持天气预报员提高公众对气候变化的了解
DOI：
10.1038/s41558-022-01433-2
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Gandy, Jim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maibach, Edward;Cullen, Heidi;Placky, Bernadette;Witte, Joe;Gandy, Jim
广播气象学家非常适合他们的培训，接触公众，并作为当地和值得信赖的科学信息来源的地位。作为一种职业，气象学家自19世纪以来一直致力于使公众远离有害天气事件。由于担心陆地和海上的大量生命损失，一个主要由志愿者组成的网络利用电报的力量收集天气观测数据，并传达第一个风暴警报。从那时起，更广泛的天气-气候社区一直致力于建立预测工具，时间尺度从几分钟到数千年不等，从龙卷风警报到气候变化的长期影响。今天，在美国，天气预报一直是当地电视新闻中最受关注的部分之一，更多的美国人从当地电视台获得新闻，而不是从报纸，国家网络电视或有线电视。1997年，美国总统威廉·克林顿认识到电视天气预报员教育观众的潜力，邀请了100多名广播气象学家到白宫讨论气候变化问题。这一事件引发了广播气象界更广泛的讨论，讨论了他们在传达风险和使公众免受伤害方面的责任范围。2007年，在美国气象学会最近提出的“台站科学家”角色的基础上，电视气象学家Bob Ryan（WRC-TV，华盛顿，DC）和John Morales（WTVJ-TV，迈阿密）在《美国气象学会公报》上发表了一篇评论，呼吁气象播报员教育观众有关气候变化的知识2。这一时期的民意调查显示，虽然大多数美国人接受了气候变化的现实，但他们倾向于将其视为一种遥远而抽象的风险，缺乏个人相关性。广播气象学家处于独特的地位，可以教育公众气候变化的个人相关性，在相关时，在当前当地气候变化影响和未来风险的背景下报告当前当地天气状况，从而弥合天气-气候鸿沟。然而，2010年对电视天气预报员的一项全国性调查揭示了瑞安和莫拉莱斯提议的潜力和挑战：只有大约一半的美国天气预报员认为全球变暖正在发生（54%）-尽管几乎所有人都表示有兴趣教育他们的观众了解当地的影响-而25%的人认为它没有发生，21%的人不确定。当时的相关研究发现，只有少数天气预报员正在采取措施，
Broadcast meteorologists are well suited given their training, access to the public, and status as local and trusted sources of scientific information. As a profession, meteorologists have been working to keep the public out of harmful weather events since the 1800s. Concerned by the substantial loss of life on land and at sea, a network of mostly volunteers leveraged the power of the telegraph to collect weather observations and communicate the first storm warnings. Since that time, the broader weather–climate community has worked to build predictive tools on timescales ranging from minutes—for a tornado warning, to millennia—for the long-term impacts of climate change. Today, in the United States, the weather forecast is consistently one of the most watched segments on local TV news, and more Americans get their news from local TV than from newspapers, national network TV or cable TV. In 1997, recognizing the potential of TV weathercasters to educate their viewers, US President William Clinton invited more than 100 broadcast meteorologists to the White House to discuss climate change1. This event led to a broader discussion in the broadcast meteorology community about the scope of their responsibilities in communicating risk and keeping the public out of harm’s way. In 2007, building on the recently established ‘station scientist’role proposed by the American Meteorological Society, TV meteorologists Bob Ryan (WRC-TV, Washington, DC) and John Morales (WTVJ-TV, Miami) published a commentary in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society calling for weathercasters to educate their viewers about climate change2. Public polling from that period showed that, while most Americans accepted the reality of climate change, they tended to see it as a distant and abstract risk that lacked personal relevance. Broadcast meteorologists are uniquely positioned to educate the public about the personal relevance of climate change by, when relevant, reporting on current local weather conditions in the context of current local climate change impacts and future risks, thereby bridging the weather–climate divide. However, a 2010 national survey of TV weathercasters revealed both the potential and challenges of the proposal by Ryan and Morales: only about half of US weathercasters thought global warming was happening (54%)—although nearly all of them expressed interest in educating their viewers about the local impacts—while 25% thought it wasn’t happening and 21% weren’t sure3. Related research at that time found that only a small number of weathercasters were taking steps to educate
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空中天气：广播气象学史 Robert Henson AMS 书籍，2010 年精装本（亚马逊）241 页 ISBN 978‐1‐878220‐98‐1
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Helen Roberts
通讯作者：
Helen Roberts
文化、政治和气候变化：信息如何塑造我们共同的未来
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Hulme
通讯作者：
M. Hulme
空中天气
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Henson
通讯作者：
R. Henson
不断变化的媒体环境中的风险与健康沟通
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Yotam Ophir
通讯作者：
Yotam Ophir
支持实践社区作为加速采用环境科学促进气候行动的战略：电视天气预报员作为案例研究
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
E. Maibach
通讯作者：
E. Maibach