Infection reduces anti-predator behaviors in house finches.
Infection reduces anti-predator behaviors in house finches.
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DOI：
10.1111/jav.01058
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hawley DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adelman JS;Mayer C;Hawley DM
传染病可通过包括行为改变在内的直接或间接机制导致宿主死亡。抗捕食者行为减弱是感染期间间接死亡的研究最多的原因之一，特别是在寄生虫的生命周期需要从猎物传播到捕食者的系统中。研究直接传播的寄生虫和病原体是否也会减少反捕食者行为的工作明显较少。在这里，我们测试了直接传播的细菌病原体鸡毒支原体(MG)是否会降低家雀(Hahemhous Micianus)对捕食相关刺激的反应。MG会引起结膜炎，并降低自由生活的雀类的存活率，但很少会导致圈养鸟类的死亡，这表明间接机制起到了作用。野生捕获的雀被单独关在笼子里，并接受以下处理：1)视觉上存在填充的、挂载的捕食者(库珀鹰(Accipiter Coperii))或对照对象(花瓶或填充的、挂载的绿头鸭(Anas Platylynchos))，2)同一捕食者和非捕食者的发声，3)研究人员对围栏的接近，以及4)模拟的捕食者攻击(手动捕获)。MG感染降低了在视觉暴露于架设的捕食者和模拟捕食者攻击时的抗捕食者反应，即使对于没有检测到结膜炎视觉障碍的鸟类也是如此。然而，MG感染并没有显著改变人类接近或音频回放时的反应。这些结果与捕食在野外MG诱导的死亡中起作用的假设是一致的，运动减少是一种可能的机制，这是许多分类群常见的疾病行为形式。因此，我们的结果表明，关于疾病行为在捕食中的作用的进一步研究可能具有启发性。
Infectious diseases can cause host mortality through direct or indirect mechanisms, including altered behavior. Diminished anti-predator behavior is among the most-studied causes of indirect mortality during infection, particularly for systems in which a parasite’s life-cycle requires transmission from prey to predator. Significantly less work has examined whether directly-transmitted parasites and pathogens also reduce anti-predator behaviors. Here we test whether the directly-transmitted bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), reduces responses to predation-related stimuli in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). MG causes conjunctivitis and reduces survival among free-living finches, but rarely causes mortality in captivity, suggesting a role for indirect mechanisms. Wild-caught finches were individually housed in captivity and exposed to the following treatments: 1) visual presence of a stuffed, mounted predator (a Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)) or control object (a vase or a stuffed, mounted mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)), 2) vocalizations of the same predator and non-predator, 3) approach of a researcher to enclosures, and 4) simulated predator attack (capture by hand). MG infection reduced anti-predator responses during visual exposure to a mounted predator and simulated predator attack, even for birds without detectable visual obstruction from conjunctivitis. However, MG infection did not significantly alter responses during human approach or audio playback. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that predation plays a role in MG-induced mortality in the wild, with reduced locomotion, a common form of sickness behavior for many taxa, as a likely mechanism. Our results therefore suggest that additional research on the role of sickness behaviors in predation could prove illuminating.
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通讯作者：
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