Insulin actions on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones.
Insulin actions on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones.
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DOI：
10.1111/jne.12937
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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自100年前发现胰岛素以来，人们在了解其功能方面取得了很大进展，特别是在大脑中。现在清楚的是，胰岛素是控制能量平衡和葡萄糖稳态的神经元回路的关键调节剂。本文就胰岛素和糖尿病对下丘脑葡萄糖敏感神经元活性和葡萄糖敏感性的影响作一综述。我们强调电生理数据在了解胰岛素如何调节葡萄糖敏感神经元中的作用。简要介绍了用于研究葡萄糖敏感神经元的主要电生理技术的优点和局限性。下丘脑神经元感知葡萄糖的机制进行了讨论，重点是那些葡萄糖感知神经元已经被证明是由胰岛素调制。接下来，有关胰岛素如何改变这些下丘脑葡萄糖敏感神经元的活性和葡萄糖敏感性的文献进行了描述。此外，糖尿病期间胰岛素信号受损的影响和胰岛素诱导的低血糖对下丘脑葡萄糖敏感神经元的影响也包括在内。在已知的范围内，我们提出了关于这些胰岛素相关病理影响的机制的假设。总之，海马的电生理数据进行评估，旨在提供有关胰岛素如何影响葡萄糖敏感神经元的神经元可塑性的线索。虽然胰岛素的发现后已经取得了很大的成就，在我们的审查中描述的工作表明，这种激素的中枢葡萄糖传感的调节是重要的和未充分研究。
Subsequent to the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, great strides have been made in understanding its function, especially in the brain. It is now clear that insulin is a critical regulator of the neuronal circuitry controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on the effects of insulin and diabetes on the activity and glucose sensitivity of hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones. We highlight the role of electrophysiological data in understanding how insulin regulates glucose-sensing neurones. A brief introduction describing the benefits and limitations of the major electrophysiological techniques used to investigate glucose-sensing neurones is provided. The mechanisms by which hypothalamic neurones sense glucose are discussed with an emphasis on those glucose-sensing neurones already shown to be modulated by insulin. Next, the literature pertaining to how insulin alters the activity and glucose sensitivity of these hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones is described. In addition, the effects of impaired insulin signalling during diabetes and the ramifications of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurones are covered. To the extent that it is known, we present hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying the effects of these insulin-related pathologies. To conclude, electrophysiological data from the hippocampus are evaluated aiming to provide clues regarding how insulin might influence neuronal plasticity in glucose-sensing neurones. Although much has been accomplished subsequent to the discovery of insulin, the work described in our review suggests that the regulation of central glucose sensing by this hormone is both important and understudied.
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