Dendrite and spine modifications in autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders in patients and animal models.
Dendrite and spine modifications in autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders in patients and animal models.
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DOI：
10.1002/dneu.22417
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Martinez-Cerdeno, Veronica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez-Cerdeno, Veronica
树突和棘是接受其他神经元和胶质细胞输入的主要神经元结构。树突和脊椎的数量、大小和形态是决定来自单个突触的信号如何整合的一些关键因素。关于自闭症和相关疾病中神经元树突和树突棘的特征，还有很多有待了解的地方。虽然有很多研究使用自闭症小鼠模型，但很少使用患者死后的人体组织进行研究。现有的自闭症动物模型包括那些通过基因修饰产生的模型和那些疾病的非基因模型。在这里，我们回顾了树突和脊柱的形态和数量是如何影响自闭症和相关神经发育疾病的，包括人类，自闭症的遗传和非遗传动物模型。总的来说，从人类和动物模型中获得的数据表明树突的大小和数量普遍减少，同时树突的形态也发生了变化；脊柱密度增加，形态不成熟，表明自闭症患者脊柱普遍不成熟。为了了解自闭症患者大脑皮层中这些结构的特性，需要对死后组织中的树突和脊柱数量和形态进行更多的人体研究。
Dendrites and spines are the main neuronal structures receiving input from other neurons and glial cells. Dendritic and spine number, size and morphology are some of the crucial factors determining how signals coming from individual synapses are integrated. Much remains to be understood about the characteristics of neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines in autism and related disorders. Though there have been many studies conducted using autism mouse models, few have been carried out using postmortem human tissue from patients. Available animal models of autism include those generated thought genetic modifications and those non-genetic models of the disease. Here, we review how dendrite and spine morphology and number is affected in autism and related neurodevelopmental diseases, both in human, and genetic and non-genetic animal models of autism. Overall, data obtained from human and animal models point to a generalized reduction in the size and number together with an alteration of the morphology of dendrites; and an increase in spine densities with immature morphology, indicating a general spine immaturity state in autism. Additional human studies on dendrite and spine number and morphology in postmortem tissue are needed to understand the properties of these structures in the cerebral cortex of patients with autism.
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