Hydrodynamics of low-dimensional quantum systems
Hydrodynamics of low-dimensional quantum systems
复制标题
低维量子系统的流体动力学
DOI：
10.1088/1751-8121/acecc8
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Spohn, Herbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abanov, Alexander;Doyon, Benjamin;Dubail, Jérôme;Kamenev, Alex;Spohn, Herbert
流体力学是描述多体系统中突发性动力学行为的最成功的理论框架之一。它的关键原理规定了守恒电流的集合和固定状态的流形构成了大时空尺度上相关自由度的基础。虽然流体力学的应用已经很长时间了，但最近人们对它的兴趣激增。事实上，随着对远离平衡的多体物理的新的关注，例如在现代冷原子实验中观察到的，流体力学原理现在被认为是更广泛适用的。值得注意的是，低维量子系统带来了新的问题：一维和可积性的强运动学约束的影响是什么？量子涨落扮演什么角色？从经典统计物理学中我们知道，一维系统表现出不寻常的流体动力学行为，如超扩散；由贝特分析得出可积性导致弹道输运；以及从卢廷格液体理论中得出的量子涨落具有相关的大距离效应。至关重要的是，最近的突破性发现使我们得以通过非线性波动流体力学在一维中窥见超扩散的机制；基于广义流体力学的可积系统流体力学理论；以及Luttinger液体理论的扩展，例如那些非平衡装置。这为超越传统的可观测物和状态，对量子气体和自旋系统的新理解打开了大门。
Hydrodynamics is one of the most successful theoretical frameworks for describing emergent dynamical behaviours in many-body systems. Its key principle stipulates that the set of conserved currents and the manifold of stationary states form the basis for the relevant degrees of freedom at large spacetime scales. Although hydrodynamics has been used for a very long time, there has been a surge of interest recently. Indeed, with a new focus on many-body physics far from equilibrium, such as that observed in modern cold atom experiments, the hydrodynamic principle is now seen to be applicable more widely.Notably, low-dimensional quantum systems bring new questions: what are the effects of the strong kinematic constraints of one-dimensionality, and of integrability? What role do quantum fluctuations play? It is known from classical statistical physics that one-dimensional systems display unusual hydrodynamic behaviours such as superdiffusion; from the Bethe ansatz that integrability leads to ballistic transport; and from the Luttinger liquid theory that quantum fluctuations have relevant large-distance effects. Crucially, ground-breaking recent discoveries have given us a glimpse of the mechanisms for superdiffusion in one dimension via nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics; a theory for the hydrodynamics of integrable systems via generalised hydrodynamics (GHD); and extensions of the Luttinger liquid theory such as those to non-equilibrium setups. These open the door to new understandings of quantum gases and spin systems, beyond the traditional observables and states.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1088/1751-8121/ac8a7d
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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