Cell Lysis and Detoxification of Cyanotoxins Using a Novel Combination of Microbubble Generation and Plasma Microreactor Technology for Ozonation.
Cell Lysis and Detoxification of Cyanotoxins Using a Novel Combination of Microbubble Generation and Plasma Microreactor Technology for Ozonation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.00678
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Edwards C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pandhal J;Siswanto A;Kuvshinov D;Zimmerman WB;Lawton L;Edwards C
全球藻华的发生率稳步上升，令人担忧的是，越来越多的证据表明，全球气候的变化正在导致蓝藻水华的转变。许多蓝藻属是有害的，产生几种有效的毒素，包括微囊藻毒素，有超过90种描述的类似物。这些毒素有广泛的负面影响，包括胃肠炎、细胞毒性、肝毒性和神经毒性。尽管已经描述了多种基于氧化的处理方法，但臭氧化和高级氧化被认为是最有效的，因为它们很容易将微囊藻毒素氧化为无毒降解产物。然而，大多数臭氧化技术具有扩大规模的挑战，包括高成本和次优效率，因此，需要低成本和可扩展的臭氧化技术。本文设计了一种低温等离子体介质阻挡放电（DBD）反应器，该反应器中装有射流振荡器，用于微泡输送臭氧。这两种技术都有可能大幅度降低臭氧化的成本。质谱分析显示，两种纯微囊藻毒素（MC-LR和MC-RR）的破坏非常迅速（<2 min），并且即使在气泡尺寸为0.56-0.6 mm且液体内臭氧浓度为20 ppm的低流速1 L min-1下也能去除副产物。通过蛋白磷酸酶抑制试验计算毒性水平，表明毒性丧失，并确认副产物也无毒。最后，对铜绿微囊藻全细胞的处理表明，即使在这些非常低的臭氧水平下，也可以杀死细胞并去除毒素（MC-LR和去甲基MC-LR）。在处理的前20分钟内观察到几乎没有变化，随后细胞外毒素迅速增加，表明细胞溶解，与1 L min−1相比，在更高的3 L min −1流速下释放最显著。这种实验室规模的调查表明，潜在的新型等离子体微反应器与应用程序在原位处理有害藻华和蓝藻毒素。
There has been a steady rise in the incidences of algal blooms globally, and worryingly, there is increasing evidence that changes in the global climate are leading to a shift toward cyanobacterial blooms. Many cyanobacterial genera are harmful, producing several potent toxins, including microcystins, for which there are over 90 described analogues. There are a wide range of negative effects associated with these toxins including gastroenteritis, cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Although a variety of oxidation based treatment methods have been described, ozonation and advanced oxidation are acknowledged as most effective as they readily oxidise microcystins to non-toxic degradation products. However, most ozonation technologies have challenges for scale up including high costs and sub-optimum efficiencies, hence, a low cost and scalable ozonation technology is needed. Here we designed a low temperature plasma dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with an incorporated fluidic oscillator for microbubble delivery of ozone. Both technologies have the potential to drastically reduce the costs of ozonation at scale. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed very rapid (<2 min) destruction of two pure microcystins (MC-LR and MC-RR), together with removal of by-products even at low flow rate 1 L min−1 where bubble size was 0.56–0.6 mm and the ozone concentration within the liquid was 20 ppm. Toxicity levels were calculated through protein phosphatase inhibition assays and indicated loss of toxicity as well as confirming the by-products were also non-toxic. Finally, treatment of whole Microcystis aeruginosa cells showed that even at these very low ozone levels, cells can be killed and toxins (MC-LR and Desmethyl MC-LR) removed. Little change was observed in the first 20 min of treatment followed by rapid increase in extracellular toxins, indicating cell lysis, with most significant release at the higher 3 L min−1 flow rate compared to 1 L min−1. This lab-scale investigation demonstrates the potential of the novel plasma micro reactor with applications for in situ treatment of harmful algal blooms and cyanotoxins.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Suty, H;De Traversay, C;Cost, M
通讯作者：
Cost, M
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Vagle, S;Farmer, DM
通讯作者：
Farmer, DM
影响因子：
12.8
作者：
Chow, CWK;Drikas, M;Velzeboer, RMA
通讯作者：
Velzeboer, RMA
DOI：
10.2166/aqua.2004.0019
发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Newcombe, G;Nicholson, B
通讯作者：
Nicholson, B
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Rapala, J;Erkomaa, K;Lahti, K
通讯作者：
Lahti, K