Marriage and Union Formation in the United States: Recent Trends Across Racial Groups and Economic Backgrounds.
Marriage and Union Formation in the United States: Recent Trends Across Racial Groups and Economic Backgrounds.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-020-00910-7
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ang S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bloome D;Ang S
美国的家庭结构发生了巨大的变化：婚姻变得越来越不常见，非婚同居变得越来越普遍，这些经历中的种族和经济不平等现象有所增加。我们通过对1970年至1997年出生的人（他们在1985年至2015年间开始组建工会）的群体估计，提供了对美国近期趋势的洞察。使用收入动态数据的小组研究，我们发现，在这些最近的队列中，结婚和婚姻形成的典型年龄比在1940年至1969年之间出生的队列中增长得更快。年轻时结婚的人越来越少，同居的人越来越多，但这种替代是不完全的。我们预测结婚的可能性会急剧下降，黑人的下降幅度大于白人。我们通过测量父母的收入、财富、教育和职业声望，提供了关于家庭不平等的代际性质的新信息。低收入家庭的结婚率下降尤为明显。由于歧视和机会被剥夺，黑人在低收入群体中的比例过高。然而，就父母收入而言，黑人的结婚率下降幅度大于白人。此外，婚姻中的大多数种族差异发生在社会经济背景相似的人群中。家庭不平等日益反映出经济不平等和种族主义结构造成的更广泛的种族不平等；反过来，家庭不平等可能会在几代人之间延长其他不平等。
Family formation in the United States has changed dramatically: marriage has become less common, nonmarital cohabitation has become more common, and racial and economic inequalities in these experiences have increased. We provide insights into recent U.S. trends by presenting cohort estimates for people born between 1970 and 1997, who began forming unions between 1985 and 2015. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we find that typical ages at marriage and union formation increased faster across these recent cohorts than across cohorts born between 1940 and 1969. As fewer people married at young ages, more cohabited, but the substitution was incomplete. We project steep declines in the probability of ever marrying, declines that are larger among Black people than White people. We provide novel information on the intergenerational nature of family inequalities by measuring parental income, wealth, education, and occupational prestige. Marriage declines are particularly steep among people from low-income backgrounds. Black people are overrepresented in this low-income group because of discrimination and opportunity denial. However, marriage declines are larger among Black people than White people across parental incomes. Further, most racial differences in marriage occur among people from similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Family inequalities increasingly reflect both economic inequalities and broader racial inequalities generated by racist structures; in turn, family inequalities may prolong these other inequalities across generations.
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