Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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从思绪走神角度看注意缺陷/多动障碍
DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Asherson P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bozhilova NS;Michelini G;Kuntsi J;Asherson P
过度的、自发的走神与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）有关。ADHD患者默认模式网络的调节不足可能导致这种类型的走神。这种神经失调也可能导致注意力不集中和认知能力不足。越来越多的证据表明，注意力缺陷多动症患者的走神调节过程与调节不足之间存在相似之处。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的神经发育障碍，与一系列心理健康，神经认知和功能问题有关。虽然诊断是基于对行为的描述，但ADHD患者的特征是过度自发的走神（MW）。ADHD患者的MW反映了持续的心理活动，缺乏主题稳定性和内容一致性。基于对ADHD和MW的神经相关性的回顾，我们概述了ADHD的一个新观点：MW假说。我们建议，改变失活的默认模式网络，功能失调的相互作用与执行控制网络，导致过度和自发MW，这是ADHD的症状和障碍的基础。我们强调，与MW的正常神经调节（上下文调节，感觉解耦，显着阈值）相关的过程在ADHD中是缺乏的。MW相关的措施可以作为疾病过程的标志物，因为MW可以通过实验操作，以及使用评级量表测量，并在认知任务和日常生活中进行经验采样。因此，MW可能是一种潜在的内在表型。
Excessive, spontaneous mind wandering is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Deficient regulation of the default mode network in ADHD might lead to this type of mind wandering. This neural dysregulation might also underpin inattention and deficient cognitive performance. Converging evidence draws parallels between regulatory processes of mind wandering and deficient regulation in ADHD. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a range of mental health, neurocognitive and functional problems. Although the diagnosis is based on descriptions of behaviour, individuals with ADHD characteristically describe excessive spontaneous mind wandering (MW). MW in individuals with ADHD reflects constant mental activity which lacks topic stability and content consistency. Based on this review of the neural correlates of ADHD and MW, we outline a new perspective on ADHD: the MW hypothesis. We propose that altered deactivation of the default mode network, and dysfunctional interaction with the executive control network, leads to excessive and spontaneous MW, which underpins symptoms and impairments of ADHD. We highlight that processes linked to the normal neural regulation of MW (context regulation, sensory decoupling, salience thresholds) are deficient in ADHD. MW-related measures could serve as markers of the disease process, as MW can be experimentally manipulated, as well as measured using rating scales, and experience sampling during both cognitive tasks and daily life. MW may therefore be a potential endophenotype.
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