Oak Savannas in Western New York State, Circa 1795: Synthesizing Predictive Spatial Models and Historical Accounts to Understand Environmental and Native American Influences
Oak Savannas in Western New York State, Circa 1795: Synthesizing Predictive Spatial Models and Historical Accounts to Understand Environmental and Native American Influences
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纽约州西部的橡树稀树草原，大约 1795 年：综合预测空间模型和历史记录以了解环境和美洲原住民的影响
DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2019.1629871
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Larsen, Chris P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tulowiecki, Stephen J.;Robertson, David;Larsen, Chris P.
这项研究模型和地图橡树稀树草原分布ca。1795年，并确定了环境条件和美洲原住民土地利用（NALU）如何塑造其分布。历史研究分析了早期的景观账户，以评估美洲原住民如何改变整个美国东部的森林。预测空间建模试图量化森林条件的人为和环境驱动因素，并预测NALU改变森林组成的位置。然而，研究并没有严格地综合这两种方法。这项研究集中在纽约州西部（27,617平方公里）的橡树稀树草原。我们从历史植被数据中训练了与环境预测因子和NALU代理相关的橡树稀树草原分布模型。然后，我们绘制了橡树稀树草原和NALU在欧洲-美国的到来，并将它们与模型预测的历史帐户。结果表明，研究区域的2%至17%（取决于建模技术）包含橡树稀树草原，最好的估计为3%至6%。模型和帐户的合成表明，橡树稀树草原是由于NALU和干燥的环境条件，但NALU（特别是燃烧）是目前在大多数橡树稀树草原的位置。模型的橡树稀树草原分布，认为接近美洲原住民定居点有较高的预测性能和更好的预测位置的历史橡树稀树草原帐户，包括与美洲原住民燃烧的描述。这项研究表明，在研究区域的前橡树稀树草原可以在很大程度上归因于NALU。此外，这项研究的方法和结果有助于更大的身体上的热带稀树草原landscapes. Keywords地理文献：人为燃烧，森林，建模，美洲原住民，橡树稀树草原。
This study models and maps oak savanna distribution ca. 1795 and determines how environmental conditions and Native American land use (NALU) shaped its distribution. Historical research has analyzed early landscape accounts to assess how Native Americans modified forests throughout the eastern United States. Predictive spatial modeling has sought to quantify anthropogenic and environmental drivers of forest conditions and to predict locations where NALU changed forest composition. Yet, studies have not rigorously synthesized these two methods. This research focused on oak savannas in western New York State (27,617 km2). We trained models of oak savanna distribution from historic vegetation data in relation to environmental predictors and NALU proxies. We then mapped historical accounts of oak savannas and NALU at European-American arrival and compared them to model predictions. Results suggest that 2 to 17 percent (depending on modeling technique) of the study area contained oak savanna, with a favored estimate of 3 to 6 percent. Synthesis of models and accounts suggests that oak savannas were attributable to NALU and dry environmental conditions but that NALU (specifically burning) was present at most oak savanna locations. Models of oak savanna distribution that considered proximity to Native American settlement had higher predictive performance and better predicted locations of historical oak savanna accounts, including those with descriptions of Native American burning. This study suggests that former oak savannas in the study area can be largely attributed to NALU. Furthermore, this study’s methodology and results contribute to a larger body of geographical literature on savanna landscapes.Key Words: anthropogenic burning, forests, modeling, Native Americans, oak savanna.
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