Progress in PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation Targeting COX-2 Enzyme.

Progress in PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation Targeting COX-2 Enzyme.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules26113208
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发表时间:
2021-05-27
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mann JJ
Mann JJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prabhakaran J;Molotkov A;Mintz A;Mann JJ

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神经炎症和环氧合酶-2(考克斯-2)上调与退行性脑疾病(例如阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)、癫痫)的发病机制以及对创伤性脑损伤(TBI)或中风的反应相关。考克斯-2还在急性疼痛、抑郁症、精神分裂症、各种癌症、关节炎和急性同种异体移植排斥中被诱导。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像允许直接测量体内考克斯-2上调,从而能够进行疾病分期、治疗评价和辅助定量新的非甾体抗炎药或NSAID的靶标占有率。到目前为止,由于鉴定合格的考克斯-2选择性抑制剂进入脑的延迟,没有建立临床上有用的放射性配体用于监测脑疾病中的考克斯-2诱导。本文综述了放射性标记的考克斯-2抑制剂在过去的十年中报道,并确定了最有前途的放射性配体的发展,作为临床上有用的PET放射性配体。在迄今报道的放射性配体中,显示出临床转化潜力的三种示踪剂是[11 CTMI]、[11 C] MC 1和[18 F]MTP。这些放射性配体证明了血脑屏障的渗透性和在体内结合到脑中的组成型考克斯-2或在神经炎症过程中诱导的考克斯-2。
Neuroinflammation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation are associated with the pathogenesis of degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epilepsy, and a response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. COX-2 is also induced in acute pain, depression, schizophrenia, various cancers, arthritis and in acute allograft rejection. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for the direct measurement of in vivo COX-2 upregulation and thereby enables disease staging, therapy evaluation and aid quantifying target occupancy of novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. Thus far, no clinically useful radioligand is established for monitoring COX-2 induction in brain diseases due to the delay in identifying qualified COX-2-selective inhibitors entering the brain. This review examines radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors reported in the past decade and identifies the most promising radioligands for development as clinically useful PET radioligands. Among the radioligands reported so far, the three tracers that show potential for clinical translation are, [11CTMI], [11C]MC1 and [18F]MTP. These radioligands demonstrated BBB permeablity and in vivo binding to constitutive COX-2 in the brain or induced COX-2 during neuroinflammation.
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