Calcination does not remove all carbon from colloidal nanocrystal assemblies.

Calcination does not remove all carbon from colloidal nanocrystal assemblies.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-017-02267-9
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发表时间:
2017-12-11
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Cademartiri L
Cademartiri L
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohapatra P;Shaw S;Mendivelso-Perez D;Bobbitt JM;Silva TF;Naab F;Yuan B;Tian X;Smith EA;Cademartiri L

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Removing organics from hybrid nanostructures is a crucial step in many bottom-up materials fabrication approaches. It is usually assumed that calcination is an effective solution to this problem, especially for thin films. This assumption has led to its application in thousands of papers. We here show that this general assumption is incorrect by using a relevant and highly controlled model system consisting of thin films of ligand-capped ZrO2 nanocrystals. After calcination at 800 °C for 12 h, while Raman spectroscopy fails to detect the ligands after calcination, elastic backscattering spectrometry characterization demonstrates that ~18% of the original carbon atoms are still present in the film. By comparison plasma processing successfully removes the ligands. Our growth kinetic analysis shows that the calcined materials have significantly different interfacial properties than the plasma-processed counterparts. Calcination is not a reliable strategy for the production of single-phase all-inorganic materials from colloidal nanoparticles. Synthesis of all-inorganic nanomaterials often relies on organic templates, which are assumed to then be fully removed by calcination. Here, the authors use elastic backscattering spectroscopy to challenge this assumption, finding that calcination leaves behind considerable carbon content that can severely affect material function.
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