Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.012
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Murray CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stanton MA;Lonsdorf EV;Pusey AE;Murray CM
与类人猿相比，人类尽管长期依赖，但仍保持着相对较快的生殖速度。这组看似矛盾的特征是通过在营养独立之前断奶的后代和帮助提供护理的异形人而成为可能的。在传统社会中，这种帮助可能部分是由母亲的幼年子女提供的，她们生育、监督或供养年幼的兄弟姐妹。与人类不同的是，黑猩猩在断奶后营养独立，但幼崽继续与他们的母亲和弟弟妹妹一起旅行4-5年。如果母亲继续投资于断奶的后代，这种持续的联系可能会让母亲付出高昂的代价。另一方面，虽然幼年黑猩猩通常不会提供更年轻的兄弟姐妹，但它们的存在和与幼崽的社交互动可能会让母亲专注于其他任务。在这项研究中，我们调查了野生黑猩猩继续与幼崽交往对母亲的成本和好处。使用26年的长期行为数据，我们研究了母亲的活动预算如何根据依赖的青少年后代的存在而变化。我们发现，母亲和青少年之间持续的社会互动不会影响母亲分配给较年幼婴儿的互动时间，也不会影响她的喂食、休息或旅行时间，或者与其他社区成员的社交时间。相反，母亲可能会从额外的社会互动和/或与年长子女的关系中受益。使用45年的人口统计数据，我们发现，那些有一个哥哥姐姐的后代往往比那些没有哥哥姐姐的孩子更有可能从出生起每年存活8岁。此外，当雌性有更年长的后代时，分娩间隔更有可能结束。在大型类人猿中，母子双方互惠互利的动态提供了对营养独立后母亲和后代之间持续联系的洞察，以及在原始人进化过程中少年帮助的出现。
Compared to great apes, humans maintain a relatively rapid reproductive pace despite long periods of dependency. This seemingly contradictory set of traits is made possible by weaning offspring before nutritional independence and alloparents who help provide care. In traditional societies, this help may be provided to mothers in part by their juvenile offspring who carry, supervise, or provision younger siblings. In contrast to humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are nutritionally independent after weaning, yet juveniles continue to travel with their mother and younger sibling for an additional 4–5 years. This continued association could be costly to the mother if she continues to invest in weaned offspring. Alternately, while juvenile chimpanzees do not typically provision younger siblings, their presence and social interaction with infants may allow mothers to focus on other tasks. In this study, we investigate the costs and benefits to mothers of continued association with juveniles in wild chimpanzees. Using 26 years of long-term behavioral data we examined how maternal activity budgets varied based on presence of a dependent juvenile offspring. We found that continued social interaction between mothers and juveniles does not influence the mother’s time allocated to interacting with the younger infant, her feeding, resting, or travel time, or time socializing with other community members. Instead, mothers may benefit from the additional social interaction and/or relationship with their older offspring. Using 45 years of demographic data we found that those offspring who had an older sibling tended to be more likely to survive each year from birth-8 years than those without an older sibling. Additionally, interbirth intervals were more likely to end when the female had an older offspring present. A mutually beneficial mother-juvenile dynamic in great apes provides insight into continued association between mothers and offspring after nutritional-independence and the emergence of juvenile helping during hominin evolution.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bădescu I;Watts DP;Katzenberg MA;Sellen DW
通讯作者：
Sellen DW
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Charnov, Eric L.;Berrigan, David
通讯作者：
Berrigan, David
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Arnold, K;Whiten, A
通讯作者：
Whiten, A
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
CHENEY, DL
通讯作者：
CHENEY, DL
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Brent, L;Bramblett, CA;Blangero, J
通讯作者：
Blangero, J