Intestinofugal neurons and sympathetic reflexes that bypass the central nervous system
Intestinofugal neurons and sympathetic reflexes that bypass the central nervous system
复制标题
绕过中枢神经系统的离肠神经元和交感神经反射
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Furness
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Furness
In a article entitled “The structural organization of the celiac ganglia” published in The Journal of Comparative Neurology in 1938, Kuntz reported that he had severed different sources of axons that run to the celiac ganglia in the cat and had allowed time for their nerve endings to degenerate. When he severed the splanchnic nerves and removed the lumbar sympathetic chains, in some regions of the ganglia, there was disappearance of the innervation of most neurons, whereas in other regions, there were groups of neurons with innervation still intact. In the areas in which intact innervation of the celiac neurons was observed, the numbers of terminals were nevertheless reduced. In a second series of experiments, the same operation was performed, and, in addition, the vagus nerves were cut. This step caused no greater loss of synaptic inputs (although more recent experiments indicate that there are vagal inputs, see below). In a third series of experiments, the nerves running from the celiac ganglia to the stomach and intestines were severed. Degenerating fibers, presumably afferents from the gut, were found proximal to the lesions (on the celiac ganglion side). Kuntz concluded that all celiac ganglion neurons are multiply innervated, that a large proportion receive innervation from preganglionic sympathetic neurons, and that some receive innervation from fibers arising in the enteric plexuses (that is, from the stomach and intestine). The observations have subsequently been fully confirmed by a variety of anatomic means, including retrograde dye tracing, immunohistochemistry, and degenerative section of nerves connecting with prevertebral ganglia. In a final sentence, Kuntz wrote “In view of the numbers of synaptic connections in the celiac ganglia which persist following degeneration of the splanchnic and vagus nerve fibers, these ganglia must be regarded as reflex centers of considerable functional significance.” In the present issue of the Journal, Gibbins et al., 2003 have examined the patterns of innervation of neurons that only receive synapses from sympathetic preganglionic neurons and compared these with the patterns of innervation of neurons that receive both sympathetic preganglionic and enteric innervation. The numbers of inputs from sympathetic preganglionic neurons was approximately the same for all neurons, but the neurons that also derived inputs from the enteric nervous system received approximately as many inputs again from this source, resulting in these neurons having approximately twice the number of synapses. For those nerve cells that received input only from sympathetic preganglionic neurons, the density and pattern of synaptic connections was similar to that received by nerve cells in paravertebral ganglia. Synaptic inputs to the other neurons were both more numerous and more closely spaced along the dendrites and on the soma.
DOI：
10.1016/0165-1838(93)90046-w
发表时间：
1993-02-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
影响因子：
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作者：
BERTHOUD, HR;POWLEY, TL
通讯作者：
POWLEY, TL
轴突进入源自椎前神经节的神经的节后神经细胞的位置。
影响因子：
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作者：
Messenger,JP;Furness,JB;Trudrung,P
通讯作者：
Trudrung,P