Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role?
Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role?
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DOI：
10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Anand A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bali P;Lahiri DK;Banik A;Nehru B;Anand A
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症最常见的原因之一。尽管对阿尔茨海默病进行了几十年的认真研究，但目前还没有标准的疾病治疗方法。干细胞具有再生组织系统的巨大潜力，并在许多脑相关疾病中得到研究。对于各种无法治愈的神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和帕金森病（PD）（目前批准的药物仅提供症状缓解），干细胞治疗具有很大的前景，并提供了巨大的研究机会。在这里，我们回顾了几项干细胞移植研究，涉及临床前和临床方法。我们专注于不同来源的干细胞在许多动物模型和分子机制参与可能的治疗神经退行性疾病。临床研究综述提示干细胞治疗的安全性、有效性和转化潜力。干细胞移植的治疗结果在许多研究中都很有希望，但对于潜在的机制没有统一的假设。一些研究报道了这些细胞通过释放神经营养因子发挥的旁分泌作用，而其他研究报道了移植细胞的免疫调节作用。也有报道支持干细胞移植引起内源性细胞增殖或病变细胞在变性部位的替代。在AD动物模型中，干细胞移植也被认为可以增加突触蛋白的表达。许多干细胞移植研究指出，这种新方法在预防或阻止几种神经退行性疾病方面具有巨大的潜力。目前的挑战是明确界定干细胞运作的分子机制，以及外源性和/或内源性细胞在拯救疾病中的实际贡献程度。
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Despite several decades of serious research in AD there is no standard disease modifying therapy available. Stem cells hold immense potential to regenerate tissue systems and are studied in a number of brain-related disorders. For various untreatable neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (current-approved drugs provide only symptomatic relief), stem cell therapy holds a great promise and provides a great research opportunity. Here we review several stem cell transplantation studies with reference to both preclinical and clinical approaches. We focus on different sources of stem cells in a number of animal models and on molecular mechanisms involved in possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical studies reviewed suggest safety efficacy and translational potential of stem cell therapy. The therapeutic outcome of stem cell transplantation has been promising in many studies but no unifying hypothesis exists for an underlying mechanism. Some studies reported paracrine effects exerted by these cells via release of neurotrophic factors, while other studies reported immunomodulatory effects by transplanted cells. There are also reports supporting stem cell transplantation causing endogenous cell proliferation or replacement of diseased cells at the site of degeneration. In animal models of AD, stem cell transplantation is also believed to increase expression of synaptic proteins. A number of stem cell transplantation studies point out great potential for this novel approach in preventing or halting several neurodegenerative diseases. The current challenge is to clearly define the molecular mechanism by which stem cells operate and the extent of actual contribution by the exogenous and/or endogenous cells in the rescue of disease.
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Banik A;Anand A
通讯作者：
Anand A