A Need for a Paradigm Shift in Healthy Nutrition Research.
A Need for a Paradigm Shift in Healthy Nutrition Research.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2022.881465
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Rasetti, Mario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aleta, Alberto;Brighenti, Furio;Jolliet, Olivier;Meijaard, Erik;Shamir, Raanan;Moreno, Yamir;Rasetti, Mario
可持续和健康营养领域的研究需要应用复杂系统和网络科学以及大数据和人工智能等看似无关的领域的最新进展。这是因为这些领域的方法在过去几年中经历了爆炸性增长，它们的融合有望解决可持续和健康营养方面的一些更具挑战性的问题，即整合基于食物和行为的饮食指南。这里主要关注营养和健康，我们讨论了需要什么样的方法转变来开放当前的学科边界，以数字时代的方法、语言和知识以及系统思维方法。具体来说，我们提倡采用跨学科的、基于复杂系统的研究来应对处理一个不断发展的相互依存系统的巨大挑战，在这个系统中，有多个尺度——从代谢组到种群水平——异质性和更经常是不完整的数据，以及受许多行为和环境压力影响的种群变化。为了说明这种方法创新的重要性，我们将重点放在营养的消费方面而不是生产方面，但我们认识到涉及营养这两个组成部分的全系统研究的重要性。我们通过概述一些具体的研究方向来完善这篇论文，这些研究方向将有可能找到新的相关性，甚至可能是跨尺度的因果关系，并回答可持续和健康营养领域的紧迫问题。
Research in the field of sustainable and healthy nutrition is calling for the application of the latest advances in seemingly unrelated domains such as complex systems and network sciences on the one hand and big data and artificial intelligence on the other. This is because the confluence of these fields, whose methodologies have experienced explosive growth in the last few years, promises to solve some of the more challenging problems in sustainable and healthy nutrition, i.e., integrating food and behavioral-based dietary guidelines. Focusing here primarily on nutrition and health, we discuss what kind of methodological shift is needed to open current disciplinary borders to the methods, languages, and knowledge of the digital era and a system thinking approach. Specifically, we advocate for the adoption of interdisciplinary, complex-systems-based research to tackle the huge challenge of dealing with an evolving interdependent system in which there are multiple scales—from the metabolome to the population level—, heterogeneous and—more often than not— incomplete data, and population changes subject to many behavioral and environmental pressures. To illustrate the importance of this methodological innovation we focus on the consumption aspects of nutrition rather than production, but we recognize the importance of system-wide studies that involve both these components of nutrition. We round off the paper by outlining some specific research directions that would make it possible to find new correlations and, possibly, causal relationships across scales and to answer pressing questions in the area of sustainable and healthy nutrition.
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