Sensitivity to orthographic vs. phonological constraints on word recognition: An ERP study with deaf and hearing readers.
Sensitivity to orthographic vs. phonological constraints on word recognition: An ERP study with deaf and hearing readers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108420
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发表时间：
2022-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Emmorey, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Brittany;Martinez, Priscilla M.;Midgley, Katherine J.;Holcomb, Phillip J.;Emmorey, Karen
音系在单词识别中的作用已经被研究过了，研究人员使用了一个隐蔽的词汇决策任务和可发音（barve）或不可发音（brvae）的转位字母（TL）非单词。我们使用事件相关电位（ERPs）来研究熟练聋人读者的这些影响，他们可能对英语中合并的正音性限制比语音性限制更敏感。在记录erp的同时，20名聋人和20名听力正常的成年人完成了一个蒙面词汇决策任务。两组人的阅读能力和智商相当，但失聪读者的语音能力较差。聋人的读者比正常人更快更准确地拒绝TL非词。两组都没有表现出非单词可发音性在RTs或准确性方面的影响。在两组中，N250和N400成分都受到词汇量的调节（非单词的负向调节更大）。N250不受非词可发音性的调节，但可发音非词诱发的N400振幅大于不可发音非词。因为可发音的非单词更像单词，它们可能会激发在没有找到词汇条目时无法解决的激活，从而导致更大的N400振幅。尽管语音敏感性存在差异，但耳聋和听力正常的读者对N400发音的影响相似，这表明这些语言学习效应来自于对词汇水平正字法约束的敏感性。聋人读者在处理TL非单词方面可能有优势，因为他们早期的视觉注意和/或拼写与语义的紧密联系，绕过语音介导的单词识别途径。
The role of phonology in word recognition has previously been investigated using a masked lexical decision task and transposed letter (TL) nonwords that were either pronounceable (barve) or unpronounceable (brvae). We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate these effects in skilled deaf readers, who may be more sensitive to orthotactic than phonotactic constraints, which are conflated in English. Twenty deaf and twenty hearing adults completed a masked lexical decision task while ERPs were recorded. The groups were matched in reading skill and IQ, but deaf readers had poorer phonological ability. Deaf readers were faster and more accurate at rejecting TL nonwords than hearing readers. Neither group exhibited an effect of nonword pronounceability in RTs or accuracy. For both groups, the N250 and N400 components were modulated by lexicality (more negative for nonwords). The N250 was not modulated by nonword pronounceability, but pronounceable nonwords elicited a larger amplitude N400 than unpronounceable nonwords. Because pronounceable nonwords are more word-like, they may incite activation that is unresolved when no lexical entry is found, leading to a larger N400 amplitude. Similar N400 pronounceability effects for deaf and hearing readers, despite differences in phonological sensitivity, suggest these TL effects arise from sensitivity to lexical-level orthotactic constraints. Deaf readers may have an advantage in processing TL nonwords because of enhanced early visual attention and/or tight orthographic-to-semantic connections, bypassing the phonologically mediated route to word recognition.
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