The functions of DNA methylation by CcrM in Caulobacter crescentus: a global approach.

The functions of DNA methylation by CcrM in Caulobacter crescentus: a global approach.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkt1352
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发表时间:
2014-04
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Collier J
Collier J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gonzalez D;Kozdon JB;McAdams HH;Shapiro L;Collier J

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DNA甲基化涉及细菌的多种过程,包括维持基因组完整性和调节基因表达。本研究以冠状杆菌(Caulobacter crescent)为模型,利用全基因组实验方法揭示了CcrM的功能,CcrM是一种DNA甲基转移酶,在大多数Alphaproteobacteria中都是保守的。使用单分子测序,我们提供的证据表明,大多数CcrM靶基序(GANTC)在复制时从完全甲基化切换到半甲基化状态,并在细胞分裂开始时返回到完全甲基化状态。我们发现CcrM的DNA甲基化不是控制染色体复制起始或DNA错配修复所必需的。相比之下,我们的转录组分析显示,在缺乏或组成性过表达CcrM的细胞中,有10%的基因错误表达。引人注目的是,GANTC甲基化对于细胞周期进程,特别是DNA代谢和细胞分裂所必需的数十个基因的有效转录是必需的。其中许多由CcrM甲基化的启动子控制,并由其他全局细胞周期调节因子共同调节,这表明DNA甲基化与控制C. crescentus细胞周期的复杂调节网络之间存在广泛的串扰,可能也包括许多其他Alphaproteobacteria。
DNA methylation is involved in a diversity of processes in bacteria, including maintenance of genome integrity and regulation of gene expression. Here, using Caulobacter crescentus as a model, we exploit genome-wide experimental methods to uncover the functions of CcrM, a DNA methyltransferase conserved in most Alphaproteobacteria. Using single molecule sequencing, we provide evidence that most CcrM target motifs (GANTC) switch from a fully methylated to a hemi-methylated state when they are replicated, and back to a fully methylated state at the onset of cell division. We show that DNA methylation by CcrM is not required for the control of the initiation of chromosome replication or for DNA mismatch repair. By contrast, our transcriptome analysis shows that >10% of the genes are misexpressed in cells lacking or constitutively over-expressing CcrM. Strikingly, GANTC methylation is needed for the efficient transcription of dozens of genes that are essential for cell cycle progression, in particular for DNA metabolism and cell division. Many of them are controlled by promoters methylated by CcrM and co-regulated by other global cell cycle regulators, demonstrating an extensive cross talk between DNA methylation and the complex regulatory network that controls the cell cycle of C. crescentus and, presumably, of many other Alphaproteobacteria.
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