Neural oscillations reveal differences in the process of word learning among school-aged children from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds.
Neural oscillations reveal differences in the process of word learning among school-aged children from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds.
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DOI：
10.1162/nol_a_00040
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maguire MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider JM;Abel AD;Momsen J;Melamed TC;Maguire MJ
在小学建立一个强大的词汇是学术成功的关键。来自社会经济地位较低（SES）家庭的儿童在单词学习任务上的平均表现低于其较高的SES同龄人，对他们的词汇量产生负面影响;然而，这一群体中存在显着的差异。许多来自低社会经济地位家庭的孩子在词汇学习方面的表现与他们的高社会经济地位同龄人一样好，甚至更好。目前的研究通过比较44个来自较低社会经济地位家庭的较好与较差的单词学习者（年龄8-15岁）的神经振荡来解决这种变化背后的过程，因为他们推断未知单词的含义。更好的单词学习者表现出增加的θ和β功率作为一个单词的学习，而糟糕的单词学习者表现出下降的α功率。这些组的差异，在文字学习过程中的神经振荡参与表明，可能有不同的策略，根据儿童的技能的差异。值得注意的是，词汇知识更丰富的儿童更有可能表现出更大的beta增加;这是一种与更好的单词学习相关的策略。这为支持来自低社会经济地位家庭的儿童学习单词的机制提供了新的线索。
Building a robust vocabulary in grade school is essential for academic success. Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) households on average perform below their higher SES peers on word learning tasks, negatively impacting their vocabulary; however, significant variability exists within this group. Many children from low SES homes perform as well as, or better than, their higher SES peers on measures of word learning. The current study addresses what processes underlie this variability, by comparing the neural oscillations of 44 better versus worse word learners (ages 8-15 years) from lower SES households as they infer the meaning of unknown words. Better word learners demonstrated increases in theta and beta power as a word was learned, whereas worse word learners exhibited decreases in alpha power. These group differences in neural oscillatory engagement during word learning indicate there may be different strategies employed based on differences in children’s skills. Notably, children with greater vocabulary knowledge are more likely to exhibit larger beta increases; a strategy which is associated with better word learning. This sheds new light on the mechanisms that support word learning in children from low SES households.
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Brito NH;Fifer WP;Myers MM;Elliott AJ;Noble KG
通讯作者：
Noble KG
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bornstein, RF;Languirand, MA;Eisenhart, EA
通讯作者：
Eisenhart, EA
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Dollaghan, CA;Campbell, TF;Kurs-Lasky, M
通讯作者：
Kurs-Lasky, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1612132113
发表时间：
2016-10-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fedorenko, Evelina;Scott, Terri L.;Kanwisher, Nancy
通讯作者：
Kanwisher, Nancy
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Duncan, Greg J.;Magnuson, Katherine
通讯作者：
Magnuson, Katherine