Development of auditory cortical synaptic receptive fields.

Development of auditory cortical synaptic receptive fields.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.006
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发表时间:
2011-11
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Jones, Bianca J.
Jones, Bianca J.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Froemke, Robert C.;Jones, Bianca J.

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中枢神经系统在整个生命过程中都是可塑的,但在出生后早期发育的关键时期对感觉环境的统计数据最为敏感。在听觉皮层中,已经发现各种形式的声学体验塑造了感受野的形成,并影响了皮层组织的整体速度。控制皮层感受野可塑性的突触机制开始被描述,特别是在啮齿动物初级听觉皮层的频率调谐。抑制回路在关键期调节中起着重要作用,新的证据表明,兴奋-抑制平衡的形成决定了听觉皮层频率调谐关键期可塑性的持续时间。皮质抑制在婴儿大脑中的调谐较差,但在出生后的第一个月内,以经验依赖的方式与兴奋共同调谐。我们讨论的证据表明,这可能是一个发展中的皮质的一般特征,并描述这种短暂的兴奋抑制失衡的功能影响。
The central nervous system is plastic throughout life, but is most sensitive to the statistics of the sensory environment during critical periods of early postnatal development. In the auditory cortex, various forms of acoustic experience have been found to shape the formation of receptive fields and influence the overall rate of cortical organization. The synaptic mechanisms that control cortical receptive field plasticity are beginning to be described, particularly for frequency tuning in rodent primary auditory cortex. Inhibitory circuitry plays a major role in critical period regulation, and new evidence suggests that the formation of excitatory-inhibitory balance determines the duration of critical period plasticity for auditory cortical frequency tuning. Cortical inhibition is poorly tuned in the infant brain, but becomes co-tuned with excitation in an experience-dependent manner over the first postnatal month. We discuss evidence suggesting that this may be a general feature of the developing cortex, and describe the functional implications of such transient excitatory-inhibitory imbalance.
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